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107 Ch. 15
Labor and Birth Processes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are 5 factors that affect process of labor and birth | passenger, passageway, powers, position of mother, psychologic response |
| What is the passenger and what are 4 parts | Passenger: fetus & placenta Parts: fetal presentation, lie, attitude, position |
| what is difference bn suture and fontanels of fetus | Sutures: (streets)spaces bn cranial bones fontanels: 6(intersections)intersections of cranial sutures |
| What are two most important fontanels and where are they? | Anterior: larger, diamond, close 18mos Posterior: triangle, close 6-8wks |
| what are 4 presenting parts on skull | occiput - back vertex - crown(best) sinciput - forehead mentum - chin |
| what is presentation mean? What are 3 main presenting positions | Which end of baby comes first cephalic - head Breech - bottom Shoulder |
| What are 4 variatinos of cephalic presentattion | Vertex - occiput, chin tucked Military - top of head Brow Face |
| what are 3 variations of breech position | Full/Complete - tucked (good) Frank - piked Footing - can opener |
| What is fetal lie and what are the variatons | orientation of long axis of fetus to woman longitudinal/vertical: breech/cephalic transverse/oblique/horizontal: shoulder |
| what is fetal attitude and it's variations | relation of fetal body parts to one another, chin tucked or not Flexion or Extension |
| what is fetal position | location of fixed point on presenting part in relation to 4 quads of mom pelvis |
| what are 4 quadrants of mom pelvis | r/l posterior r/l anterior |
| How is fetal position recorded | R/L- right/left O/M/S/Sc - occiput/mentum/sacrum/scapula A/P/T - anterior/posterior/transverse ex: ROP = right occiputoposterior |
| How do you determine fetal position | It's where the presenting part if pointing |
| what is ideal fetal position? What is sunny side up? | OA- occipital anterior sunny side: OP - occiput posterior |
| What is station | presenting part in relationship to pelvic ischial spines |
| what are possible stations | 0- level with spines +1 - just below +2 - further +3 - call MD +4 - birth |
| What is engagement | reaching or passing pelvic inlet or true pelvis, which is below ischial spines. False pelvis is above spines |
| What is the passageway | birth canal and consists of: bony pelvis, lower uterine seg, cervix, pelvic floor muscles, vagina, introitus(ext opening of vag) Must be determined b4 labor and head is major factor in course of birth |
| what are parts of true pelvis | inlet/brim, midpelvis/cavity, outlet |
| what are 4 diff pelvic types | gynecoid: round, vaginal android: heart, male, c-section antropoid: oval platypelloid: horizontal oval |
| What are the primary and secondary powers | primary: involuntary Uterine contractions - effacement,dilation, Ferguson reflex (descent/bear down) Secondary: mom pushing, bearing down efforts |
| what are three phases of contraction | increment, acme(peak), decrement then resting phase |
| what is freqency of contractions | end of one to beg of another |
| What is effacement What is dilation | effacement: thinning of cervix, 0-100% dialtion: cervix opens, 1 - 10cm |
| What are two things that effect labor | pushing and position |
| What is labor | process of moving fetus, placenta, and membranes out of uterus adn thru birth canal |
| what is premonitory signs | signs preceding labor: lightening/dropping in true pelvis, urinary freq, backache, braxton hicks, wt loss, energy spurt, bloody show, cervial ripen, rupture of membranes |
| What is difference bn true labor adn false | true: discomfort in abd and back, cervical change, regular contractions that shorten, more intense False: no cervix change, irregular ctxs, no chg in interval or intensity |
| How many stages of labor | 4 stages Stage 1: 0-10 dilation Stage 2: pushing Stage 3: delivery of placenta Stage 4: recovery |
| what are 3 phases of Stage 1 | latent- early 1-3cm, more effacement, little dilation active: 4-7cm, dilation and descent transition: 8-10cm active- |
| what are 3 phases of 2nd stage of labor | 1: full dilation, mild contractions, no pushing urge 2: bearing down 3: crowning til birth |
| What is shiny shultz and dirty duncan | Shiny shultz is placenta facing fetus Dirty duncan is placenta facing mom |
| what are 7 cardinal mvmts of labor in vertex presentation | 1. engagement 2. descent 3. flexion 4. internal rotation 5. extension 6. restitution/ext rotation 7. expulsion(birth) |
| how does maternal cardiovascular system change in labor | incr CO, HR, BP, WBC, resp, temp decr gastric motility, blood glucose |
| what is normal blood loss for vag birth? C-section? | vag: 500ml C-section 1000ml |
| what is ave FHR at term | 140 beats/min normal range: 110-160 |
Created by:
palmerag
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