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ChiroBoards2: T&FP
ChiroBoards2: Theories and Famous People
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First to use short lever adjusting (spinous and TP) | DD Palmer |
| "Tone" is foundation of Chiropractic - said by | DD Palmer |
| Nerve Conduction Theory | Subluxation is caused by chemical, mechanical, physical, and also talked about INNATE |
| Invented Nerve Conduction Theory | DD Palmer |
| Coined term, "innate from Christianity" | DD Palmer |
| learned Chiropractic from Eastern European Bone Setters | DD Palmer |
| "Cord Compression Theory" Inventor | BJ Palmer |
| Meric Chart creator | BJ Palmer |
| Inventor of Neurocalometer | BJ Palmer |
| Created Pelvic Distorsion Model | Carver |
| Inventor of flexion/distraction | Cox/McManus |
| Flexion/Distraction is used for: (5) | lumbar disc protrusion, spondy, facet syndrome, subluxation, scoliosis |
| Fixation theory of joint hypomobility | Gillet/Faye |
| Upper Cervical Specific; dentate ligament | Grostic |
| Father of Homeopathy | Hahnemann |
| First to manipulate | Hippocrates |
| Discovered and tested SI ligament / Joint hypermobility | Illi |
| Invented "3 phase model of Instability" | Kirkaldy/Willis |
| 3 phase model of Instability | Dysfunction, Unstable, Stabilization |
| Invented "Segmental Facilitation Theory" | Korr |
| Segmental Facilitation Theory | Subluxation creates a "hyperactive" nervous system |
| Wrote first chiro textbook in 1906 | Langworthy |
| Incorporated motion instead of "bone out of place" idea | Langworthy |
| Revised Faye's concept of VSC | Lantz |
| Believed the sacrum was the keystone to the spine | Logan |
| Panjabi and White | Biomechanics of the spine |
| Created idea of "General Adaptation Syndrome" | Selye |
| General Adaptation Syndrome | Under optimum conditions the body can respond to stressors |
| 33 principles and "safety pin" idea man | Stephenson |
| Founder of Osteopathy | Andrew Taylor Still |
| Named Chiropractic | Samuel Weed |
| Components of the 5 Component Model of VSC | Neuropathophysiology, Kinesiopathogysiology, Myopathy, Histopathology, Pathophysiology |
| Neuropathophysiology: 3 forms of nerve tissue dysfunction | 1. Irritation of anterior horn causing hypertonicity/spasm 2. Compression 3. Decreased Axoplasmic transport |
| Acute irritation of posterior horn causes | hyperesthesia |
| Chronic compression of posterior horn causes | anesthesia |
| Acute irritation of anterior horn causes | hypertonicity/spasm |
| Chronic compression of anterior horn causes | atonia/flaccidity |
| Acute irritation of lateral horn causes | sympatheticotonia |
| Chronic compression of lateral horn causes | sympathetic atonia |
| Myopathy: acute vs. chronic | acute = spasm; chronic = atrophy |
| Histopathology | Cellular damage causing INFLAMMATION |
| Pathophysiology | End result of the VSC; DIS-EASE |
| Al reflex arcs must include the ___________ | spinal cord |
| Reflexes are named by _____________ | "cause and effect" |
| somatic: refers to | skin, bone, muscle, nerve |
| Visceral: refers to | organ, blood, lymph |
| Psycho: refers to | thinking about something |
| Gate Theory of Pain Control: what location of cord? | Lamina II: Substantia Gelatinosa |
| Fiber Type that blunts C-fiber activation | Type A afferents |
| Pain fibers terminate at the _________ of the spinal cord | dorsal horn |
| which arteries provide major blood supply to the brainstem | vertebral arteries |
| Vascular Insufficiency Model | Verebrobasilar arterial insufficiency (VBAI) caused by vertebral arterial compression caused by subluxation |
| Vascular Insufficiency Model: Symptoms | diarrhea, vomiting, ataxia, diploplia, dizziness, visual issues |
| M/c location for compression of the vertebral arteries: | over the posterior arch of C1 |
| ROM's of C1 and C2, causing MOST compression on the Vertebral Arteries? | rotation and extension |
| Nerve Compression Theory: Results of spinal nerve root compression? | decrements in the compound action potential (decrease nerve fiber function) as well as numbness or paralysis. |
| Why are nerve roots (endoneurium) more predisposed to irritation than peripheral nerves? | They dont have epineurium or perineurium protective connective tissue layers |
| Nerve Compression Theory: what percent of subluxations exhibit these characteristics? | 2-5% |
| Anterograde vs. Retrograde: speed and which is more common? | Anterograde = faster and more common |
| Axonal Aberration-Trophic Model: End resulting type of degeneration? | Wallerian Degeneration |
| Cord Compression Theory: Inventor | BJ Palmer (explains HIO technique) |
| Flaw with Cord Compression Theory | The described cord compression can only occur with things such as extreme trauma, tumors, or other masses. |
| Facilitation Hypothesis: aka's (4 listed) | Fixation Theory; Segmental Facilitation; Proprioceptive Insult; Gamma Motor gain (Increased SNS firing) |
| Facilitation Hypothesis: Definition | lowered threshold for firing in a spinal cord segment as a result of afferent bombardment associated with spinal lesions. |
| Facilitation Hypothesis: Creator | Korr |
| What did Korr believe to be the focused organ responsible for segmental dysfunction resulting in "sustained hyperactivity"? | muscle spindle activity |
| proprioceptive insult | constant bombardment of nocicpetion lowers the threshold for firing in this segment |
| Facilitation definition | continueous firing of nociception makes it easier to get to the brain |
| Neurodystrophic Hypothesis: aka | Neuroimmunomodulation |
| Neurodystrophic Hypothesis | Neuro dysfunction stresses viscera, lowering tissue resistance, and modifying the immune responses |
| Who stated that exposure to stress can cause "diseases of adaptation"? | Selye |
| Stages of Adaptation (4) | Alarm, Resist, Adapt, Exhaust |
| Responses to stress is coordinated by a ____________ mechanism | neuroendocrine |
| Axoplasmic abberation (AXT): which theory? | Nerve Compression (DD Palmer) |
| Original "Bone out of place" : which theory? | Nerve Compression theory |
| Decreased nerve transmission, "action potentials": which theory? | Nerve Compression theory |
| Increased SNS/ Decreased PSN (acute): which theory? | Nerve Compression theory |
| HIO technique: which theory? | Cord Compression (BJ Palmer) theory |
| Upper Cervical compromise: which theory? | Cord Compression theory |
| Secondary to neural compression: which theory? | axoplasmic abberation theory |
| Protein/Macromolecule transport: which theory? | axoplasmic abberation theory |
| Anterograde/Retrograde: which theory? | axoplasmic abberation theory |
| Hypomobility of motor unit: which theory? | Fixation theory |
| Fixation theory aka | Segmental dysfunction |
| Hypermobility above and below a fixed segment, causing excess input into the posterior horn, firing up the lateral horn, thus causing sympathecotonia: Which theory? | Fixation theory |
| Muscle spindle/GTO involvement: which theory? | Fixation theory |
| Immune stuff: which theory? | Neurodystrophic theory |
| Neurodystrophic theory aka | Neuroimmunomodulation theory |
| Stress induces altered neuroendocrine function: Which theory? | Neurodystrophic theory |
| Hans Selye's work on stress: which theory applies to? | Neurodystrophic theory |
| SNS and PNS balance: which theory? | Somatoautonomic reflex theory |
| Central modulation/Peripheral modulation: which theory? | Somatoautonomic reflex theory |
| "Mechanoreceptor Funk": which theory? | Proprioceptive Insult theory |
| Biochemical abberation----> sensory flood : which theory | Proprioceptive Insult theory |
| Dentate ligament: which theory? | Dural Torque theory |
| Concept of meningeal torsion (rotational stress) : which theory? | Dural Torque theory |
| S/S -> ataxia, diploplia, dizziness, diarrhea, dysphagia, falling to side, nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, etc. :which theory? | Vertebral Basilar Artery Insufficiency |
| Symptoms apparent with rotation and extension of the head; never give second adjustment! : which theory? | Vertebral Basilar Artery Insufficiency |
Created by:
bglasman
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