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RPC 204 Unit II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the Normal Systolic, Diastolic, and Mean Blood Pressures in an Adult? | Systolic – 120 mm/Hg (torr) Diastolic – 80 mm/Hg (torr) Mean – 93 mm/Hg (torr) |
| How do you calculate the Mean arterial pressure? | Map = (2 x diastolic)+ Systolic/3 |
| Diastolic, Systolic, and mean arterial pressures (MAP) are monitored continuously by using this device? | By using an indwelling arterial catheter with a pressure transducer (strain-gauge). |
| How do you calculate the “cardiac Index”? | The “cardiac Index” is the cardiac output divided by the body surface area of the patient. |
| What is a Normal Cardiac Index? | Normal cardiac index (CI) is 2-4 L/min./m2 |
| What is the abbreviation for Cardiac Index? | CI |
| The output of the left ventricle is measured in ____________________ and is called the ________________. | measured in LPM and is called the Cardiac Ouput |
| The abbreviation for Cardiac output is? | Qt |
| Normal Cardiac output is? | 4-8 LPM |
| From the left atrium the blood passes through the __________valve and into the left ventricle. | Bicuspid or Mitral |
| The blood in the pulmonary veins moves into the left atrium where the pressure has dropped to about ______________ | 4-12 mm/Hg |
| From the pulmonary arteries the blood now passes through the lungs where the capillary pressure is normally about? | 8-10 mm/Hg |
| From the right ventricle the blood moves through the _______ valve into the pulmonary artery where the pressure is normally ________ The mean pressure here is around ___________ | 1) pulmonic valve 2) 25/8 mm/Hg 3) 14 mm/Hg. |
| Blood in the right atrium passes through the __________ valve into the right ventricle where the pressure is normally ___________. | 1) tricuspid valve 2) 25/0 mm/Hg |
| The systemic venous blood flow moves slowly back to the right heart. As the venous return enters the right atrium, the pressure is now only ________ mm/Hg or _______cmH20 | 1) 2-6 mm/Hg 2) 4-6 cmH20 |
| Inside the capillary the pressure is __________. As blood leaves the capillaries to enter the systemic veins, the pressure becomes ____________. | 1) 20 mm/Hg 2) 10 mm/Hg |
| The mean pressure in the systemic arteries is normally ____________ and decreases to ____________ before it enters the capillary. | 1) 90 mm/Hg 2) 30 mm/Hg |
| Beginning with the left ventricle the pressure is normally ___________, blood leaves the heart through the __________ valve and enters the systemic arterial system | 1) 120/0 mm/Hg 2) Aortic |
| The heart has ________ separate chambers | Four |
| Hemodynamics refers to these two life functions? | circulation and perfusion |
| The word “hemo” means _________ and “dynamic” means _________ or ____________. Hemodynamics means the ___________ of blood or ________/____________ of blood | 1) blood 2) motion or movement 3) movement of blood 4) circulation/perfusion of blood |
| Blood movement and (circulation/perfusion) occurs because of? | blood pressures |
| This term refers to the monitoring of blood pressures | Hemodynamics |
| This condition can strain the heart and can eventually cause heart failure | High Blood Pressure |
| What are the three (3) factors that control blood pressures: | 1) changes in the heart (rate and strength) 2) Blood (amount of fluid/blood) 3) vessels (condition of the vessels ie, constriction and dilation) |
| What will happen to blood pressure if heart rate or strength is increased? If it is decreased? | 1) Blood pressure will increase 2) BP will decrease |
| What will excessive fluids in the blood due to blood pressure? What will loss of fluids do? | 1) Would increase blood pressure 2) would decrease blood pressure |
| What will vessel constriction do to blood pressure? What will dilation do? | 1) increase BP 2) decrease BP |
| The Left Ventricle serves which of the four circulatory branches? | the systemic arteries |
| The Right Atrium serves which of the four circulatory branches? | Systemic Veins |
| The Right Ventricle serves which of the four circulatory branches? | Pulmonary Arteries |
| The Left Atrium serves which of the four circulatory branches? | Pulmonary Veins |
| True or False: Since the heart spends twice as much in diastole than systole, the formula for mean arterial pressure is 2 parts diastole plus 1 part systole, divide by 3 | True |
| How will the blood pressure read if the A-line transducer is placed too low (placed below the right atrium)? What if it is placed too high (above the right atrium)? | 1) the pressure will read higher; 2) the pressure will read lower. |
| CVP measurements are used to monitor these two things? | 1) the systemic venous drainage (Fluid levels) and the 2( function of the right heart |
| To measure CVP, Where is a catheter normally inserted through, where is it located, and what are the normal measurements? | 1) through a peripheral vein 2) located in the right atrium 3) normally measures 2-6 mmHg (4-12 cmH2O) |
| The CVP pressure should be read at the tip of the? | superior vena cava |
| What are five names that CVP's may also be referred to? | 1. Right atrial pressure 2. Right atrial filling pressure 3. Right side pre-load 4. Right ventricular filling pressure 5. Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure |
| How is a transducer/manometer placed when measurements are taken | The transducer/manometer is placed at the level of the right atrium |
| What happens to CVP pressures with patients experiencing the following clinical problems? 1) Hypovolemia? 2) Hemorrhage? 3) Vasodilation? 4) Hypervolemia? 5) Right Heart Failure? | 1) Hypovolemia - Decreased 2) Hemorrhage - Decreased 3) Vasodilation - Decreased 4) Hypervolemia - Increased 5) Right Heart Failure - Increased |
| What is the greatest hazard of CVP (a catheter) insertion? | Pneumothoraz |
| What does PAP refer to? | Pulmonary Artery Pressure |
| What does PAP monitor? | the blood moving into the lungs |
| How is PAP measured? | The PAP is measured with a balloon-tip, flow directed, pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz) with the balloon deflated. |
| Where is a PAP Catheter directed and positioned? | The catheter is directed through the right side of the heart and is positioned in the pulmonary artery |
| True or False: The catheter will use a pressure transducer (strain-gauge) to monitor the PAP. | True |
| True or false: The pulmonary artery is a poor choice in drawing Mixed venous blood samples | False |
| What effects do these three clinical problems have on PAP: 1) COPD 2) Pulmonary Hypertension 3) Pulmonary Embolsim | All three of these conditions would result in an increase in PAP |
Created by:
jlsteely
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