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ComD 334
Outer Ear and Middle Ear
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Acoustic reflex | the contraction increases the impedance of the middle ear system by increasing the stiffness of the ossicular chain |
Azimuth estimation | the process of determining the direction on the horizontal plane at which a sound is arriving at the listener. |
Binaural localization cues | localizations cues created by differences between sounds arriving at the right ear and left ear |
Buckling effect | |
Cerumen | earwax |
Distance estimation | the process of determining how far one is from a sound source |
Elevation estimation | process of determining the angle between the horizontal plane and the vertical plane from which the sound is arriving. |
Interaural | related to the difference between ears |
Interaural intensity difference | the difference in intensity of the sound wave arriving to the left ear and right ear |
Interaural phase difference | the difference in phase of the sound wave arriving to the left ear and right ear. |
Interaural time difference | the difference in time of arrival of the sound wave arriving to the left ear and right ear |
Localization | the process of determining the direction of incoming sound or the location of a sound source in space in terms of its azimuth and elevation |
Localization cues | the specific characteristics of received sounds that are used to determine the direction of incoming sound. |
Middle ear | an air-filled cavity called the tympanic cavity or tympanum containing the ossicles |
Monaural | related to one ear |
Monaural localization cues | localization cues that are created by the reflection and refraction of sound by the folds, cavities, and ridges of the outer ear. |
Ossicular lever | the anatomic lever created due to a difference in the length of the malleaus and the length of the incus. Force acting at the incus= 1.15 times bigger. |
Otoscope | an instrument that has a light and a narrow tip and magnifying lens used for examination of the ear canal and tympanic membrane |
Pressure transformer | pressure increase that results because of the size of the tympanic membrane and the oval window. Tympanic membrane= 17 times bigger than the oval window. |
Transducer | a device that changes energy from one form to another |
Tympanic cavity | an air-filled cavity of the middle ear containing the ossicles |
Valsalva maneuver | procedure that punches air into the middle ear cavity via the Eustachian tube (popping your ears) forces the Eustachian tube to open and admit ear |