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Test 3 Terms
AMH 1020
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Franklin Roosevelt | was the 32nd president of the United States, elected in 1932 and then reelected three times following; He proposed legislation during the great depression known as the New Deal |
| The New Deal | was legislation and policies that were geared towards easing the crisis of the Great Depression, but never full achieved all of the goals it had |
| The Emergency Banking Act | released funds from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in order to support bank assets |
| The Agricultural Adjustment Act | had a goal of reducing production, in order to accomplish this, the government would pay farmers to not grow crops |
| The National Industrial Recovery Act | was in favor of a government-sponsored form of industrial self government and Established the National Recovery Administration |
| The Glass-Steagall Act | limited commercial bank securities activities and affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms Securities and Exchange Commission The Social Security Act |
| Social Security | also issued multi-million-dollar grants to the states to use to support dependent children, public health services, and the blind |
| Charles Coughlin | a Catholic priest in Detroit, spoke to and for many worried Americans in his weekly radio broadcasts that reached a nationwide audience of 40 million and espoused virulent anti-Semitism |
| Francis Townsend | proposed the creation of an Old Age Revolving Pension that would pay every American over the age of sixty a pension of $200 a month that had to be spent within thirty days, thereby stimulating the economy |
| Louisiana senator Huey Long | introduced a tax bill to outlaw personal incomes of more than $1 million and inheritances of more than $5 million. Long decided to run for president on a platform that promised to “Share Our Wealth,” but was assassinated in 1935 |
| Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 | did restore the Indians’ right to own land communally and to have greater control over their own affairs; it provided an important foundation for Indians’ economic, cultural, and political resurgence a generation later |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | sponsored Mary McLeod Bethune as head of the Division of Negro Affairs in the National Youth Administration, where she used her position to guide a small number of black professionals and civil rights activists to posts within New Deal agencies |
| John Collier | was the New Deal’s commissioner of Indian Affairs |
| Frances Perkins | wanted to improve working conditions in shops and factories |
| Mary McLeod Bethune | She served as the secretary of labor, which made her the first woman in cabinet |
| The Fair Labor Standards Act of June 1938 | reiterated the New Deal pledge to provide workers with a decent standard of living through the regulation of wages and hours, standards that also curbed child labor |
| National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) | in 1935 guaranteed industrial workers the right to organize into unions; Also created the National Labor Relations Board to oversee elections for union representation |
| Black Cabinet | 100 African Americans were appointed to lead programs. |
| Securities and Exchange Commission | Managed stock market transactions and made sure that workers were licensed, and to ed some of the nonsense that occurred in the 1920's. |
| Judiciary Reorganization Bill | Called for the retirement of judges within the Judiciary branch at the Federal Level who were at least 70 years old and had served for at least 10 years. |
| CH. 26 WW2 | A war that broke out in the 1930's due to wanted revenge and threats made by Germany, Japan, and Italy. |
| Fascism | a militaristic form of government that promotes warfare for a country to gain character and power and promotes military conquest. |
| Adolf Hitler | Became the chancellor of German Government and promised to punish those people who stabbed Germany in the back by signing the treaty. He lead Germany to become a threat. |
| Benito Mussolini | An Italian who was unhappy with the outcome of WW1 so he gained power and promoted Fascism. |
| Spanish Civil War | (1936-1939)fascist rebels attacked democratically elected Republican government. |
| Francisco Franco | Led the fascist rebels to attack. |
| Loyalists Republicans vs. Fascists | Fascists were supported by Germany and Italy, while American individuals fought for Loyalists and had no support. |
| Weimar Republic | A form of government that was established after WW1 to replace the imperial government. |
| Anschluss | A union of Germany and Austria to create a 'Greater Germany', any attempt at an Anschluss was banned by the Treaty of Versailles, but Hitler drove it through anyway on March 13 1938. |
| Sudetenland | The land is given to Germany, but instead of the agreement that was made, he invades Czechoslovakia. |
| Blitzkrieg | was a tactic based on speed and surprise and needed a military force to be based around light tank units supported by planes and infantry (foot soldiers) |
| Holocaust | The mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period 1941–45 |
| Breckenridge Long | US Ambassador to Italy. he captained the Visa Division at the US State Department, banning entry into the US of as many Jews as possible, as well as other East European refugees. From a direct result of Long's actions, thousands of lives were lost. |
| Henry Morgenthau | During his eleven years as Treasury Secretary, Morgenthau stabilized the U.S. dollar, helped finance the “New Deal,” prepared the U.S. economy for war, and financed the war effort through the sale of war bonds |
| War Refuge Board | established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in January 1944, was a U.S. executive agency created to aid civilian victims of the Nazi and Axis powers. |
| Nye Committee | investigated US reasons for involvement in WW1. Went on from 1934-1936. Found that American participation in World War I was caused by American bankers who would make money. Americans became neutral. Found to be incorrect. |
| Neutrality Acts | a series of acts created by the United States Congress that were geared toward keeping the United States out of another war. |
| Neutrality Acts of 1935 | Limited arms sales to non war nations, US power to keep people from traveling on belligerent ships or to those nations, prohibited loans to belligerent nations, forbade American shipping to carry arms to belligerents. |
| Lend-Lease Acts | Allowed the British to obtain arms from the US without paying cash but with a promise that they would reimburse the US when the war was over. |
| Atlantic Charter | Pledged Britain and the Soviet Union freedom of the seas, free trade, and the right of national self-determination. |
| Manchuria | China’s eastern seaboard, was attacked by Japan in 1931. |
| Stimson Doctorine | any territorial acquisition not in accord with existing treaties would not be recognized by the United States. |
| Sino-Japanese War | War between Japan and China that marked the emergence of Japan as a major world power and showed the weakness of China. |
| Pearl Harbor | Japanese attacked Hawaii on December 7, 1941. |
| Office of War Information | Showed pictures and documentaries to show the life and culture of employed women, and men in the military in order to get people to volunteer. |
| Office of Price Administration | Established to stabilize prices and rent after the outbreak of WW2. |
| Office of Strategic Services | coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for the branches of the United States Armed Forces. |
| Navajo Code talkers | A complex language spoke by Indians. |
| WACS | the women's branch of the US Army. It was created as an auxiliary unit. Womens Army Corp. |
| WAVES | the women's branch of the US Army. It was created as an auxiliary unit |
| WASPS | Women Airforce Service Pilots, first women in history to fly America's military aircraft |
| Rosie the Riveter | the ideal woman worker: loyal, efficient, patriotic, and pretty. A song, “Rosie the Riveter”, became very popular in 1942. |
| Double V | Stands for winner |
| Executive order 8802 | no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries and in Government, because of race, creed, color, or national origin. |
| Executive Order 9066 | Authorized sending all Americans of Japanese descent to ten makeshift internment camps located in remote areas of the West. |
| Axis Powers/ Allies | Axis- Germany, Italy, and Japan Allies- America, Russia, Britain, and all countries that apposed the Axis powers. |
| Winston Churchill | British prime minister that led British resistance to Nazi domination in Europe. He made negotiations that helped to shape the postwar world. |
| Joseph Stalin | Soviet premier from 1922-1953. Under his leadership, Soviet forces stopped and then reversed Germany's advance, a defeat that played an important role in the Allie victory. |
| Operation Torch | Operation Torch was the name given to the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942. Operation Torch was the first time the British and Americans had jointly worked on an invasion plan together |
| D-Day | designating the start of a military operation.refers to what happened on June 6th, 1944. This operation, officially named Overlord, was scheduled to take place on June 4th, but a storm caused Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, to postpone it one day. |
| Pas de Calais | region is at the northern tip of France. Hundreds of miles of land and many villages devastated. |
| Dwight Eisenhower | Allies Supreme Commander in the lead up to D-Day.He commanded the Allied forces in the last great counter-attack by the Germans in World War Two – the Battle of the Bulge.went on to greater success as president of America from 1953 to 1961. |
| V-E Day | Victory in Europe Day.was on May 8th 1945. officially announced the end of World War Two in Europe. On Monday May 7th at 02.41. German General Jodl signed the unconditional surrender document that formally ended war in Europe. |
| Battle of Coral Sea | fought entirely by planes – no ship on either side made any visual contact with any enemy ship. Took place in May 1942 between Japanese and New Guinea. |
| Battle of Midway | June 3-6, 1942. Naval battle in the Central Pacific between American and Japanese. The US became aware of the planning of Japanese attack and placed ships at Midway island to surprise them. |
| Island hopping | Americans took the larger more important islands captured by the Japanese in the Pacific (such as Iwo Jima and Okinawa) and left the smaller ones to "wither on the vine" |
| General Douglas MacArthur | America’s senior military commander in the Far East during World War Two. MacArthur found fame as the officer who led America’s withdrawal from the Philippines with the quote "I shall return". It was a promise that Douglas MacArthur was to fulfill. |
| Admiral Chester Nimitz | along with Douglas MacArthur, dominated American strategy in the Pacific during World War Two. Nimitz commanded the US Pacific fleet when it was involved in the battles at Coral Sea and Midway. |
| Battle of Iwo Jima , | took place in February 1945. The capture of Iwo Jima was part of a three-point plan the Americans had for winning the war in the Far East. |
| Kamikaze | and the creed that went with the kamikazes in WW2 is usually associated with those Japanese pilots who flew into American warships in an effort to sink them. There were other forms such as the human torpedoes that the Japanese used in the Pacific. |
| Manhattan project | combined technological, industrial, scientific and financial might to produce the atomic bomb. Brought together all the known knowledge of nuclear fission and culminated on July 16th, 1945, with an atomic bomb being exploded at Alamogordo in New Mexico. |
| Harry Truman | president of America after the death of F D Roosevelt in April 1945. Harry Truman gave the order for the atomic bombs to be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and he represented the United States at Potsdam, the last of the great war meetings. |
| Hiroshima | first city ever targeted to be bombed by an atomic weapon, known as "Little Boy". The attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are seen as near enough the end of World War Two. |
| Nagasaki | Nagasaki suffered the same fate as Hiroshima in August 1945. The bombing of Nagasaki on August 9th was the last major act of World War Two and within days the Japanese had surrendered. |
| Munich | the birthplace of the Nazi Party. |
| Casablanca | between Winston Churchill, the British war leader, and F D Roosevelt, the American president.cause friction between Churchill, Roosevelt and the Free French |
| Teheran | first time the so-called ‘Big Three’ met – Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, Winston Churchill of Great Britain and F D Roosevelt of America. It was to set the direction of World World Two in Europe. |
| Yalta | Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan |
| Postdam COnference | last of WW2 conferences. Allied control of defeated Germany,Reparations,The Oder/Neisse Line,Russia joining the war in the Far East. |
| Battle of Guadacanal | 1942 when the US Marines landed on August 7th. The landing at Guadalcanal was unopposed - but it took the Americans six months to defeat the Japanese in what was to turn into a classic battle of attrition. |
| Battle of Okinawa | April 1945. The capture of Okinawa was part of a three-point plan the Americans had for winning the war in the Far East. |
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