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fungi bio cram

test 3

QuestionAnswer
fungi are heterotrophs obtain nutrients by absorption (digest then ingest)
saprophytic fungi secret enzymes to break down dead organic matter for recycling (carbon, nitrogen, essential minerals)
parasitic fungi obtain nutrients from living hosts most cases causing harm to host in process
fungi cell walls are made of mostly what carbohydrate chitin (also found in exoskeleton of insects)
what is the storage carbohydrate of fungi glycogen (also storage for animal found in muscle and liver cells (startch for plants)
fungi can reproduce ______ and _____ sexually and asexually
how is fungi sexual lifecycle diff. from all other eukaryotic organisms the zygote is the only diploid cell, when two mating types fuse the nuclei do not actually fuse but coexist until right conditions
after right conditions fusion results in diploid zygote that immediately undergoes meiosis to return to haploid state
what stage is the coexistence of two different mating types of nuclei dikaryotic (unique to fungi)
what kingdom is the fungi more closely related to animalia probably diverged from common ancestor some 0.6 million years ago
almost all plant roots exist symbiotically with fungi
____ fungi have mutualistically beneficial relationship with hos symbionts
fungi kingdom characteristics non-vascular organisms, eukaryotic, reproduce by spores, sexual (meiotic) and asexual (mitotic), typically not motile although a few (phytrids) have motile phase, alternation of generations
_____ _____ can withstand desiccation, they are killed by heat fungi spores
____ spores often require a period of dormancy after they are formed, but ____ spores usually germinate and produce new hyphae whenever and wherever moisture is available sexual, asexual
Asexual spores are produced in special hyphae called ____ in the zygomycetes sporangia
Asexual spores are produced in ______ in the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes conidia
fungal spores form ___ directly with no immature or embryonic stage between spore and adult hyphae
Among fungi, there are no female and male individuals, and no eggs and sperm. Physiological differences among the ___ do exist, however, and result in ___ mating types, only compatible strains fuse hyphae, different
In the zygomycetes the strains are designated simply as (+) and (−). Haploid ( n) gametes are produced by mitotic division from haploid ( n) parent nuclei in specialized hyphae called gametangia
In the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, sexual reproduction starts with hyphae from two mating strains fusing, but the nuclei remain independent within the merged cytoplasm plasmogamy
In genetic shorthand ___ cells are n + n rather than the 2 n of diploid cells dikaryotic
the nuclei combine, mixing the DNA from the two separate mating types karyogamy
the union of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote syngamy
In most fungi, karyogamy is followed almost immediately by a __ ___ ___ that restores the haploid chromosome number to the resultant spores and the new hyphae that are produced when the spores germinate. reduction division (meiosis)
budding, fission, fragmentation, and sporulation are types of asexual reproduction
reproduction is dominant where haploid sporangiospores and conidiospores are created. Asexual spore
Sexual fungal zygotes are only created when the fungi is under stressful conditions
Created by: 100000903273874
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