Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

248_electrolytes

peds_electrolyte imbalances

ImbalanceS/SCausesTreatmentFoods
Hyperkalemia ↑ GI smooth muscle activity; muscle dysfunction; weakness; cardiac arrhythmia Renal insufficiency primary cause; ↑ K intake r/t IV K overload; blood transfusion, crush injury, sickle cell anemia chemotherapy If mild K+ is restricted & loop/thiazide diuretics used; if more severe peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, Kayexalate or 70% sorbitol; IV sodium bicarbonate, IV insulin, glucose & calcium gluconate move K+ into cells
Hypocalcemia ↑ muscular excitability (tetany), twitching & cramping, tingling around the mouth or in fingers, carpal & pedal spasms; laryngospasms, seizures & cardiac arrhythmias; CHF; spontaneous fractures malnutrition, diet low in vitamin D & Ca+; lack of sun exposure; uremic syndrome; high phosphate intake; chronic iarrhea & steatorrhea; hypoparathyroidism hypomagnesemia; alkalosis; liver transplant patients; acute pancreatitis;; burns & wound drainage Oral or IV Ca+; Mg+ must be replenished first if caused by hypomagnesemia Cheese, chicken, egg yolks, figs, grains, legumes, milk, nuts, pudding, sardines, yogurt
Hypercalcemia Decreased neuromuscular excitabiliy; constipation anorexia, N/V; fatigue, skeletal muscle weakness; confusion, lethargy, decreased attention span, polyuria; cardiac arrhythmias & arrest; ↑ K+ & Na- excretion → polyuria/polydipsia Large amounts of chicken liver, megadoses of vitamin D & A, TPN, hyperparathyroidism, prolonged immobilization, leukemia, chemotherapy, thiazide diuretics Administration of fluids & Lasix, glucocorticoids, phosphate, dialysis
Hypomagnesemia ↑ muscular excitability (tetany), hyperactive reflexes, skeletal muscle cramps, twitching, tremors, cardiac arrhythmias; seizures Hypocalcemia, neonates of diabetic mothers; chronic diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, malabsorption syndromes, steatorrhea; transfusion of many units citrated blood Mg+ administaration Almonds, dark-green vegetables, egg yolk, peanut butter, soy, whole grain cereal
Hypermagnesemia ↓ muscle irritability, hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness, lethargy, ↓ DTR; flaccid muscle paralysis, fatal respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythias & arrest if severe Impaired renal function; Mg+ containing enemas, laxatives, antacids & IV fluids; Epsom salt; Addison disease; MgSO4 given to mother before delivery → hypermagnesemia in newborn ↑ fluid intake, diuretics, dialysis
Hyponatremia ↓ LOC, nausea, vomiting, headache, respiratory distress, ↓ DTR, agitation, seizures (if rapid/severe) Diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, diuretics; excessive IV D5W, CHF, excessive tap water enema Feeding proper formula, restricting water intake, IV hypertonic fluid Processed foods
Hypernatremia Na > 146mmol/L; decreased urine output; decreased LOC (confusion, lethargy, coma); seizures Diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, high solute intake, IV hypertonic solutions IV hypotonic solutions; if dehydrated isotonic fluid administered first
Hypokalemia Decreased GI smooth muscle activity; weakness; respiratory muscles may be impaired; cardiac arrhythmias GI K+ loss Major Cause (vomiting, diarrhea); osmotic diuresis, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperaldosteronism, CHF, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, ↑cortisol, black licorice, NPO sttus, anorexia nervosa, hyperalimentation Oral & IV K+ replacement Apricots, bananas, cantaloupe, cherries, dates, figs, molasses, orange juice, peaches, potatoes, prunes, raisins, strawberries, tomato juice
Popular Nursing sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards