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biology chapter28
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| zygote | ferized cell created by the union of the egg and sperm. |
| embryonic stem cells | -created during earliest diviion. -potenetial to become any type of cell. |
| determination | obtain istruction (DNA) to become a specific cell. -stem cell genes program the cell to be specific type. -few weeks into development. -irreersble. |
| differentiation | obtain parts to become specific cell. -cells acquire the structure and function of a specialized cell. -specific genes are activated. |
| 4 types of tissues:group of cell. | -muscle tissue ( contraction cell, skeleton) -connection tissue (support the body; bone, fat, tendon) -epitheliai tissue (protection sheet of cells; skin, stomach lining) -nerve tissue (transmit slectirc signals; brain and spinal cord) |
| organ | groups of tissues (lung contains each tissue) |
| organ system | group of organs working together (digestive system) |
| organism | group of organ systems work together. |
| homeostasis | process where the body maitains a constant internal environment. |
| sensors (aka receptors) | gather info about the body. |
| communication center | message sent throughtout the body. |
| control center | recieves info from the sensors. |
| targert | body part changes its activity. |
| negative feedback | reverses the change back |
| positive feedback | speeds up the change. |
| thermoregulation | maintenance of the body temperature. |
| many organ system working together like... | -skin: sensors provide feedback to brain. -nervous and endocrine system: send messages to/from the brain. -muscle: start to shiver. (part of thermoregulation.) |
| homeostasis desrupetion | some changes can be too great for your body to control (ex: frost bite) |
| long term diabetes: | -normally (good); *glucose in blood rises after meals *pancreas releases insulin *cells remove the glucose. -type 1 (bad); *immune systems destorys pancreas cells *pancreas unable to make insulin *blood pH decreases as glucose builds up |
| type 2 diabetes | (bad); *pancreas does not make enough insulin *blood pH decreases as glucose build up. |
| nervous system | network of connected cells, tissue, and organs. controls thoughts, movement, life processes. |
| nueron (aka neeve cells) | transfer electriv impulses to/from the brain. 3 main parts; cell body, dendrites, axon. |
| cell body | contains nucleus and organelles |
| dendrites | branches that receive messages from neighboring cells. |
| axon | extension that carries messages away from the cell body. |
| resting potential | neurons at rest. neuron exterior is positive in charge due to abundance od Na+ outside. |
| action potential | electrical impulse is triggered. |
| front end of impulses... | -channels open and allow Na+ to enter the cell -negative impulses attracted towards positive Na+. |
| back end of impulse... | -channels open to allow K+ to exit the cell. -interior returns to normal. |
| na+ | sodium (positive) |
| K+ | potassium (negative) |
| synapse | gap between neurons. |
| what is the problem of synapse? | impulse cannot cross the gap. |
| what is the solution of synapse? | nuetrotransmitter proteins sent from one cell to another. |
| what are the steps to synapse? | -impulses reaches neuron's terminal (end) -vesicle releases neurotransmitters. -neurotransmitters attach to receptors on neighbor -new impulse created. |
Created by:
syaghoubi
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