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CCNAExpl2Ch6
CCNA Exploration 2 Chapter 6: VLSM and CIDR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Introduces VLSM and CIDR notation | RFC 1519 |
| Introduces Network Address Translator (NAT) in 1994 | RFC 1631 |
| RFC for private addressing | RFC 1918 |
| Original specification for IPv4 | RFC 791 |
| Range for class A addresses | 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 |
| Range for class B addresses | 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 |
| Range for class C addresses | 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 |
| Range for multicast addresses | 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 |
| Range for experimental addresses | 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 |
| Protocols that use designated multicast addresses | RIPv2, EIGRP, AND OSPF |
| Classful subnet mask for Class A networks | 255.0.0.0 |
| Number of hosts that Class A can support | 16 million host addressses |
| What happened when companies received Class A addresses? | There was a tremendous waste of address space |
| How many host addresses can a Class B network have? | 65534 host addresses |
| How many host addresses can a Class C network have? | 254 host addresses |
| What is the problem with Class C networks? | There are too many networks with too little hosts each one |
| How can a subnet mask of a network address can be determined using classful IP addresses? | It can be determined by the value of the first three bits of the address |
| Another method to determine and apply a subnet mask for a classful IP address | The router applies its ingress interface mask for subnetted routes |
| What does the router do if it does not have any subnet that belongs to an IP address? | It applies the classful mask for the corresponding type of network |
| What does IETF mean? | Internet Engineering Task Force |
| What was a fundamental cause of the eventual exhaustion of 32-bit IPv4 address space? | The lack of a class fit to serve a mid-sized organization that needed thousands of IP addresses but not 65000 |
| What does the use of CIDR allow with respecto to IPv4 addresses? | More efficient use of IPv4 address space and refix aggregation (reduction of routing tables) |
| What characteristic do prefixes have when using CIDR? | They can have any length |
| Allocation of IP addresses with CIDR is based on: | Individual needs rather than by class |
| Another name for route summarization | Prefix aggregation |
| This helps to reduce the size of the Internet routing tables | The ability for routes to be summarized |
| What is a supernet route? | A route that summarizes multiple network addresses with a mask less than the classful mask |
| Why do the propagation of VLSM and supernet routes require the use of classless routing protocols? | The subnet mask can no longer be determined by the value of the first octet |
| How does a router know which subnet mask to apply with classless routing? | The subnet mask is included with the network address |
| When are classless routing protocols needed? | When the mask cannot be assumed or determined by the value of the first octet |
| What type of routes cannot be send by classful routing protocols? | Supernet routes |
| What happens if a supernet route is present in a routing table and a classful protocol is being used? | The protocol will not include that route in its updates |
| For practical uses, what is in fact VLSM? | It is subnetting a subnet |
| If the subnet 10.1.0.0/16 is subnetted into /24 subnets, to which network does the address 10.1.4.10 belong to? | The more specific subnet 10.1.4.0/24 |
| An advantage of using VLSM and classless routing | More flexibility to create additional network addresses and use a mask that fits your needs |
| Another name for route summarization | Route aggregation |
| What is route summarization? | The process of advertising a contiguous set of addresses as a single address with a shorter subnet mask |
| Synonim with supernetting | CIDR |
| Some advantages of using CIDR | Ignores the limitation of classful boundaries, allows summarization with masks that are less than that of the default mask, helps reduce the number of entries in local routing tables, helps reduce bandwidth |
| A packet with an address of 172.22.10.1 is sent to a router that has a 172.22.0.0 network and a 172.16.0.0/13 summary route, to which route is the packet forwarded? | To the more specific match which is the network 172.22.0.0 |
| What is the summary route for networks 172.20.0.0, 172.21.0.0, 172.22.0.0, and 172.23.0.0? | 172.20.0.0/14 |
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