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medieval days
vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Middle Ages | the period of European history between the collapse of Rome and the Renaissance |
| Charlemagne | a king of the Franks who conquered most of Europe and spread Christianity |
| Monastry | a place where members of a religious order practice a life of prayer and worship |
| Feudalism | the political and social system of the Middle Ages in Europe, in which lords gave land to vassals in exchange for service and loyalty |
| Lord | a powerful landholding noble |
| Serf | a peasant farmer in feudal society, who labored for a noble in exchange for protection and certain rights |
| Manor | the estate of a feudal noble, usually including a fortified building or castle |
| Knight | a highly trained mounted warrior in the service of a noble during the European Middle Ages |
| Chivalry | the code of conduct of medieval European knight, focusing on bravery, honor, and respect toward women and the weak |
| Guild | an association of people sharing a trade or craft intended to control the quality and quantity of their production and to protect their interests. |
| Bushido | the code of conduct of samurai warriors, which required that they be generous, brave, and loyal |
| Epic poem | a long poem that tells a story of heroic adventures |
| Clergy | the people with priestly authority in a religion |
| Pope Gregory Vll | the head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1073- 1085, who struggled with Emperor Henry lV. |
| Emperor Henry lV | an 11th century ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, who continually struggled for power with Pope Gregory Vll |
| Religious order | a group of people who rules in place of an absent or underage monarch |
| Francis of Assisi | an Italian who founded the Franciscan religious order in the early A.D. 1200s |
| Thomas Aquinas | an Italian scholar who made a synthesis of classical philosophy and Christian theology |
| Seljuk Turk | - a member of a Turkish people that controlled central and western Asia from the 11th – 13th century. |
| Crusade | - a series of military expeditions from Christian Europe to Palestine between the 11th and 13th centuries |
| Saladina | a military leader who united Muslims to fight the Christians in Palestine during the 12th century` |
| Reconquista | the series of campaigns, ending in A.D. 1492, by which Christian armies drove Muslim rulers out of Spain. |
| Inquisition | court established by the Roman Catholic Church in A.D 1542 to investigate people who may have strayed from the Roman Catholic faith and to strengthen the power of the Church. |
| Bubonic plague | a disease that struck western Eurasia in the mid 1300s, in an outbreak known as the Black Death |
| Hundred Years’ War | - a series of wars between England and France, from A.D 1337-1453 |
| Joan of Arc | a French peasant girl who led the French to victory over the English at Orleans in A.D. 1429 |
| Longbow | a weapon that can shoot arrows able to penetrate a knight’s armor |
| King John | the king of England who signed the Magna Carta in A.D 1215 |
| Magna Carta | - a list of rights written by england’s nobility and signed by King John in A.D 1215 |
| Parliament | a group of representatives with some powers of government |
| Habeas corpus | the right of people not to be imprisoned unlawfully |
| Osman | the Turkish leader who founded the Ottoman Empire in the early A.D. 1300s |
| Divan | an imperial council that advised the sultan in the Ottoman Empire |
| Suleyman l | the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from A.D 1520- 1566, who encouraged the arts and organized a legal code |
| Janissary | a member of an elite fighting force of the Ottoman Empire, made up of many slaves |
| Silk Roads | ancient trade routes that connected Europe with China |
| Humanism | - a movement in Renaissance Europe, celebrating human potential and achievement and stressing the study of subject such as history, grammar, literature, and philosophy |
| Renaissance | a period of rebirth and creativity in art, writing, and thought from about A.D. 1300-1600, beginning in Italy and eventually spreading throughout Europe |
| Patron | a person who supports an activity or institution by providing financial backing |
| Perspective | a technique of painting, developed during the Renaissance, that represents the appearance of objects in 3-dimensional space |
| Leonardo da Vinci | - an Italian Renaissance painter, born in A.D. 1452 |
| Michelangelo | an Italian Renaissance artist, born in A.D. 1475 who worked mainly as a sculpture. |
| William Shakespeare | most famous English writer of the Renaissance, best known for his plays. |
| Elizabethan Age | the period of the rule of Queen Elizabeth l in England, from 1558-1603 |
| Johann Gutenberg | a German who, in the mid-1400s, invented a press for printing with movable type |
| Printing press | a machine for pressing paper against inked movable type |
| Vernacular | a person’s native language |
| Great Schism | a division in the Roman Catholic Church from A.D 1378 until 1417, which is when the Church’s 2centers of power, split and elected different popes |
| Indulgence | - a pardon for sin granted by the Roman Catholic Church, allowing a person to avoid punishment by God in the afterlife |
| Martin Luther | a German theologian, born in A.D 1483, who was a leader of the Reformation and taught salvation through faith in God rather than through good deed. |
| Protestant | a member of a Christian group that broke with the Roman Catholic Church during or after the 16th century |
| Reformation | a movement of opposition to the Roman Catholic Church, beginning in the 16th century. |
| John Calvin | a leader of the Protestant Reformation, who lived from A.D 1509-1564 and emphasized the doctrine of predestination |
| Predestination | the doctrine that God chooses people for salvation and damnation before they are born and that individuals have no power to change God’s will |
| St. Ignatius of Loyola | a Spaniard who founded the religious order of Jesuits in the earl A.D 1530s |
| Jesuit | a member of the Society of Jesus, a religious order founded in the early A.D 1530s by St. Ignatius of Loyola |
| Inquisition | a court established by the Roman Catholic Church in A.D 1542 to investigate people who may have strayed from the Roman Catholic faith and to strengthen the power of the Church |
| Missionary | a person who travels to a foreign country in order to do religious work |
| Convert | to persuade a person to adopt a new religion or belief |
| Peace of Westphalia | an agreement reached in A.D 1648, which recognized the permanent division of western Europe into Catholic and Protestant nations and ended many ongoing religious wars. |
| Covenant | a binding agreement |
| Federalism | the sharing of power between an organization or government and its members |
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moncheechee19
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