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______ is the name of the nervous system division that includes the nerves that extend to the outlying parts of the body.
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______ is the name of the nervous system division that includes the brain and spinal cord.
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AP II
Chap 8 The Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ______ is the name of the nervous system division that includes the nerves that extend to the outlying parts of the body. | peripheral nervous system |
| ______ is the name of the nervous system division that includes the brain and spinal cord. | central nervous system |
| A group of peripheral axons bundled together in an epineurium is called a ___________. | nerves |
| The two types of cells found in the nervous system are ________ and _______. | neurons ; glia |
| The knee jerk is of a type of neural pathway called a ________. | reflex arc |
| __________ is a self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron's plasma membrane. | nerve impulse |
| The exterior of a resting neuron has a slight _________ charge, whereas the interior has a slight _______ charge. | positive ; negative |
| During a nerve impulse, ______ is the ion that rushes into the neuron. | sodium |
| The ______ is the place where impulses are passed from one neuron to another. | synapse |
| Acetylcholine and dopamine are examples of ______________, which are chemicals used by neurons to communicate. | neurotransmitters |
| ______, _______, and ______ are the three membranes that make up the meninges. | dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater |
| There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves and ___ pairs of nerves that come from the spinal cord. | 12, 31 |
| _____ are skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve. | dermatomes |
| _____ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates effectors during nonstress conditions. | parasympathetic nervous system |
| _____ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the "fight or flight" response. | sympathetic nervous system |
| The preganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter ___. The postganglionic axons release ____. | acetycholine ; norepinephrine |
| The autonomic nervous system consist of neurons that conduct impulses from the btain or spinal cord to ____ tissue,___ tissue, and _____ tissue. | cardiac muscle; smooth muscle; glandular epithelial |
| a highly branched part of the neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body | dendrite |
| a single projection that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body | axon |
| a whie fatty substance that surronds and insulates the axon | myelin |
| cells that make myelin for axons outside the CNS | schwann cells |
| glia cells that help form the blood-brain barrier | astrocytes |
| cells that act as microbe-eating scavengers in the CNS | microglia |
| part of the brainstem that contains cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers | medulla oblongata |
| part of the brainstem that is a conduction pathway btwn areas of the brain and body; influences respiration | pons |
| part of the brainstem that contains relays for visual and auditory impulses | midbrain |
| regulates body temp, water balance, sleep-wake cycles, appetite, and sexual arousal | hypothalamus |
| sensory relay station from various body areas to the cerebral coretx; also involved with emotions and alerting and arousal mechanisms | thalamus |
| regulates muscle coordination, maintenance of equilibrium, and posture | cerebellum |
| sensory perception, willed movements, consciousness and memory are mediated here / largest part of the human brain | cerebrum |
| carries messages to and from the brain to the rest of the body; also mediates reflexes | spinal cord |
| What are the four lobes of the cerebrum? | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal |
| Which lobe of the cerebrum controls vision? | occipital |
| Which lobe of the cerebrum controls emotions, personality, morality and intellect? | frontal |
| Which lobe of the cerebrum controls sensory area for pain, touch, heat cold? | parietal |
| Which lobe of the cerebrum controls hearing and smelling? | temporal |
| What are the 4 major parts of the brain? | brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum |
| What are the 3 parts of the brainstem? | medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain |
| Which part of the brainstem controls the vital signs? | medulla oblongata |
| Which part of the brainstem controls the breathing rhythm? | pons |
| Which part of the brain stem controls the reflexes? | midbrain |
| Which part of the diencephalon consists mainly of the posterior pituitary gland, pituitary stalk, and gray matter? | hypothalamus |
| What are the two main parts of the diencephalon? | hypothalamus and thalamus |
| Which part of the brain controls all body functions having to do with skeletal muscles? | cerebellum |
| -the place where the impulses are transmitted from one neuron | presynaptic neuron |
| -the place where the impulse has been transmitted from one neuron to the next neuron | postsynaptic |
| What is an example of a two-neuron reflex a rc? | knee jerk |
| What is an example of a three-neuron reflex arc? | withdraw from touching hot stove |
| -the point of connection btwn two nerves | synapse |
| - tissue composed of primarily of myelinated axons | white matter |
| -tissue composed primarily of cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers | grey matter |
| -surrounds indv fibers within a nerve | endoneurium |
| -surrounds a group of nerve fibers | perineurium |
| -surrounds the entire nerve | epineurium |
| -supports cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally | glia |
| -emerge from the skin or sense organs, conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain | sensory (afferent) neurons |
| -conduct impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands | motor (efferent) neurons |
| -conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons | interneurons (associative neurons) |
| -conduct impulses away from the cell body of neuron | axon |
| -conduct impulses to the cell body of neuron | dendrites |
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erikasmith28
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