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List 3 categories of patients that are at high risk for developing atelectasis
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Indentify the major contributing factors in the development of postoperative atelectasis
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Incentive Spirometry
Fundamentals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List 3 categories of patients that are at high risk for developing atelectasis | neuromuscular patients, heavily sedated patients, upper abdominal or thoracic surgery, spinal cord injusry, bed ridden patients and post-op |
| Indentify the major contributing factors in the development of postoperative atelectasis | smoking, history of lung disease, ^ mucous prdxn, chronic bronchitis, inadequate nutritional intake |
| Identify indications for incentive spirometry | treatment of existing atelectasis and when conditions exist that make the development of atelectasis likely |
| Indentify which situations contraindicate IS | patient cannot be intructed,Vt less than 10ml/kg and IC less than 1/3 predicted |
| Describe the effects that may be seen in patients that experience of hyperventilation | dizziness, \drop in BP, pneumothorax, gastric distention |
| Describe IS devices and categorized two different types | used primarily as a preventative in a propholactic treatment; two types: volume oriented devices; measure and display amnt of air patient inhaled & flow oriented devices; display inspiratory flowrate and may attempt to estimate amnt of air inhaled |
| Describe flow-oriented IS devices | only display inspiratory flowrate and may attempt to estimate the amnt of air inhaled. |
| Identify which parameters should be monitored in patients using IS | device within reach of patient, periodic observation of patient compliance w/technique, new and increasing inspiratory volumes established each day |
| Choose the ideal time a high-risk surgical patient should be oriented to IS | 5-10 breaths per session every hour while awake |
| Describe the proper technique of breathing when teaching a patient to perform the sustained maximal inspiration (SMI) maneuver | slow deep inhalation from FRC up to TLC, sustaining the inflation for a 5-10 sec. min of 3sec. |
| List critical steps involved in correct instruction in the technique of IS | |
| Describe the ideal frequency a patient should performed an IS | 5-10 breaths every hour |
| Demo and identify methods to monitor patient's response and progress | |
| IC calculated for males | 20.72-(0.084xage)x(height in cm) |
| IC calculated for females | 16.34-(.075xage)x(height in cm) |
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