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TRCC N101 Vital Sign
Vital signs, hypo/hypertension
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define vital signs | B/P, T, P, R -- indicators of health status, measure effectiveness of body functions, quick way to monitor a patient's condition |
| Risk factors for hyper/hypotension | age, stress, ethnicity, gender, family history, medications, activity, weight, smoking |
| Incidence of hypertension | increase of systole to 140+ and/or diastole to 90+, associated with thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls. Incidence is greater in diabetics, older adults, and african americans. |
| Incidence of hypotension | present when diastole falls below 90 mmHg. Occurs because of dilated arteries, loss of blood volume, or inability of heart to pump (i.e. myocardial infarction). |
| Impact of hypertension on wellness | It is a major factor underlying deaths from strokes and is a contributing factor to MI. |
| Common errors in BP assessment | cuff too big = false low reading, cuff too small = false high reading, deflating too slow = false high diastole, deflating cuff too fast = false high diastole and false low systole |
| Importance of early recognition and treatment | to change modifiable risk factors without pharmacological intervention and decrease risk of stroke or MI |
| Basic goals of treatment for early stage hypertension | teach risk factors and prevention, normal BP values, and long-term follow up care |
| Factors that affect vital signs - BP, P, T | BP - cuff size, positioning, location where BP is taken, age, stress, time of day, apparatus used. P - location, elevation of extremity, age. T - location taken, drinking/eating hot/cold fluids or food if taken orally. |
| Factors that affect vital signs - R, O2, Pain | R- age, Amt of activity before assessment, pain, tress, meds, neuro injury, if pt knows they are being assessed. O2 - location of reading, lack of O2 therapy if required. Pain - patient dependent. |
| Identify peripheral pulse sites | temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis. |
| Identify variations in vital signs according to age | Adult - T: 36-38C, P: 60-100, BP: <120/80, R: 12-20. Infant - T: same, P: more, BP: less, R: more. Child - T: same, P: more, BP: less, R: more. Adolescent - T: same, P: more, BP: less, R: less |
Created by:
cmroman444
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