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Assessment HEENT
HEENT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| head - child key points | head circumfrence---symmetry/shape---facial expression---abn facies |
| when do fontanels close | aterior at 10-18 months, posterior at 2 months (book says within first year of life) |
| which sinuses are fully developed at birth? | only ethmoid and maxillary . . .others by age 7 |
| how many deciduous and adult teeth | 20 baby teeth---32 permanent |
| gross hearing tests | normal voice ---whisper test---Weber and Rinne |
| myopia | nearsightedness, rays focus in front of retina |
| hyperpopia | farsightedness - rays focus behind lens |
| astigmatism | irregular curvature or cornea causing light scattering, blurred images to retina |
| where is only place where blood vessels can be directly observed | the optic fundus (vessels emerge from optic disc) |
| damage to CN III | limited actions of sup/inf.medial rectus--> limited ROM up/down/nasal/upper diagonal |
| damage to CN VI | innervate lateral rectus for lateral impairment |
| damages to CNIV | innervates superior oblique |
| hemianopia | visual loss which can be ipsilateral, contralateral |
| infant s/b able to fixate by | 2-4 weeks, ---visual following 5-6 weeks---by 1 month follow an object.. .180 degree tracking at 4 months acuity of 20/200 goes to 20/20 by school age |
| infant presence of red reflex, which is normal finding | absense may indicate congenital cataracts or retinal detachment |
| amblyopia - lazy eye | corneal light reflex, binocular vision cover/uncover test |
| strabismus (eyes not properly aligned) | alignment of eye important due to correlation with brain development. may need to correct surgically |
| elderly - ectropion | lower lid sags away from globe, punctum no longer in contact to collect tears --> constant tearing |
| landmarks for eye assessment | superior, inferior ---left/right temporal |
| ptosis (drooping eyelid) s/d assessed as well as | exophthalmos---edema---redness |
| children assessed for this btw 4-8 yo | colorblindness |
| 20/20 values mean | numerator is distance from chart/denominatory is distance for normal person to read chart----the higher the denominator, the WORSE THE FAR VISION |
| peripheral vision measured on 2 planes - horizontal/vertical and in 4 directions | superior/inferior---medial/nasal--lateral/temporal |
| retina assessment - optic disk diam 1.5cm with cup-to-disk ratio 0.1 - 0.5 and these | macula avascular/darker---vessels (arteries thinner/brighter than veins)---inspect all 4 directions |
| corneal light reflex tests extraocular membrane and | determines if eyes being maintained in conjugate position, light should reflect back as sparkle as it reflects off cornea |
| cover/uncover test - disconjugate eye movement | gaze should be steady, no drifting |
| corneal reflex test tests for | CNs V and VII---pt should blink, some tearing |
| consensual reaction is when | we do something to one eye (shine light/constriction) and other eye does the same thing cuz they are working in conjugate |
Created by:
lorrelaws
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