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Histology
Respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the layers of the respiratory tract from inside to outside | epithelium, Lamina propria, muscularis, submucosa, cartilage, adventitia |
| What type of epithelium is Respiratory Epithelium | pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells |
| name the conducting portions of the respiratory tract | nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles |
| Name the parts of the respiratory tract involved in gas exchange | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveolus |
| classify the epithelium in the vestibule | nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which changes to respiratory epithelium |
| describe the characteristics of the olfactory epithelium | It is a variation of the typical respiratory epithelium where the sense of smell is located. it has an extremely thick layer of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and a lot of nerve tissue. there are bowman's glands in the lamina propria |
| name the various cells of the olfactory epithelium | olfactory cells, supporting cells, brush cells (sensory cells), basal cells. |
| what is located at the junction between the oral cavity and the larynx | epiglottis |
| name the cartilages located in the larynx | false vocal fold and true vocal fold. |
| classify the epithelium located in the high impact regions of the respiratory tract (such as the true vocal fold) | stratified squamous epithelium. prolonged violent coughing and irritation can cause the respiratory epithelium elsewhere to undergo metaplasia into stratified squamous epithelium. if prolonged, permanent dysplasia can occur, leading to squamouscellcarcino |
| name a special characteristic of the trachea | it has C shaped hyaline cartilage rings that hold the airway open. |
| describe the effects of asthma | it results from excessive constrictin of bronchiolar smooth muscle. It is associated with difficult air expiration, mucus accumulation in airways, and inflammatory cell infiltration. It is treated with bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxant. |
| this is a disease in whichthe mucous in the airways is abnormally thick and viscous, caused by a mutation in the CTFR gene that encodes a clorine pump. the lack of chloride ions in the airway also creastes a lack of water, which normally follows the ions | cystic fibrosis |
| these lack glands and cartilage plates but do contain smooth muscle | terminal bronchioles |
| Terminal bronchioles have this type of epithelium | simple cuboidal epithelium with bronchiolar exocrine cells and no goblet cells unless prolonged irritation induces their formation |
| these are passageways from the respiratory bronchioles. It is the last portion of the respiratory passageway containing smooth muscle. | Alveolar ducts |
| these are terminal air spaces where oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange occurs between air and blood. It is lined by type I and type II pneumocytes. | Alveoli |
| This condition occurs in premature infants who lack adequate amounts of surfactant. Type II pneumocytes do not produce it until the thirty fifth week of gestation | Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| these are phagocytic cells that clean up the ultra fine debris from the alvolar spaces and elsewhere in the airway. | Alveolar macrophages (dust cells) |
Created by:
aferdo01
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