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Histology
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a system of ductless glands within the body which synthesize hormones for local and non-local effects | endocrine system |
| chemical messengers which travel through the bloodstream and act on distant cells | hormones |
| this type of hormone is synthesized in the rER and is hydrophilic. it binds to a signal on the cell membrane and activates second messenger systems | protein and polypeptide hormones |
| this type of hormone is made in the sER and diffuses through the cell membrane. it binds to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors and is hydrophobic and can act as transcription factors. | steroid hormones and fatty acid derivatives |
| the pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus via this structure in the brain | infundibulum |
| the pars distalis of the pituitary gland is also known as this | anterior pituitary |
| the pars nervosa of the pituitary gland is also known as this | posterior pituitary |
| this part of the pituitary gland has a vascular connection to the hypothalamus | anterior pituitary |
| name the three types of cells found in the anterior pituitary | acidophils, basophils, and chromophobes |
| what hormones in the anterior pituitary do acidophils secrete? | GH, prolactin |
| what hormones in the anterior pituitary do basophils secrete? | FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH |
| what hormones are found in the neurohypophysis? | ADH, oxytocin |
| what type of epithelium is found in the thyroid gland? | simple cuboidal |
| what happens in Graves disease | it is hyperthyroidism--there is hyperfunction due to a circulating immunoglobulin that binds and perpetually activates the TSH receptor |
| what do parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland secrete? | calcitonin |
| describe what happens in Hashimoto's disease | it's an autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland resulting in hypothyroidism. |
| what are the three layers of the adrenal gland | zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis |
| what layer does the cortex of the adrenal gland develop from? | mesoderm |
| what layer does the medulla of the adrenal gland develop from? | neural crest cells |
| this part of the brain work in harmony with the hypothalamus gland, which directs the body's thirst, hunger, sexual desire, and the biological clock that determines our aging process | pineal gland |
| this structure in the pineal gland can be used by radiologists to orient themselves when looking at sections of the brain | corpora arenacea (brain sand) |
| what three types of cells are located in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas? | alpha cells (secrete glucagon), beta cells (secrete insulin, highest level in pancreas) delta cells (secrete somatostatin) |
Created by:
aferdo01
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