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HAZMAT Tech 1 - Det
HAZMAT Tech 1 - Detection Equipment Capabilities, Limitations, and uses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Types of monitors for Corrosivity pH | pH probe meters and pH paper |
| Types of monitors for Flammability | CGI, Multi-Gas Monitor, Photoionization detectors (PID), Flame ionization (FID) |
| Types of monitors for Oxidation Potential | Oxygen Meters and Photoionization detectors |
| Types of monitors for Oxygen deficiency | Oxygen Meters and Photoionization detectors |
| Types of monitors for Pathogenisity | Biological Immunoassay, indicators, DNA Fluoroscopy, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Hand held assay |
| Types of monitors for Radioactivity | ANVDR2, Geiger Counter, ANDPDR77, Dosimeter |
| Types of monitors for Toxic Levels | Photoionization detectors, Flame ionization detector, Infrared Spectrophotometers and Detector tubes |
| Bio Assay (hand held assay) Capabilities | Tests for anthrax, ricin, botulinum toxin, plague, tularemia, brucella, and orthopox, Quick and accurate tests that can be used on-site and in the laboratory |
| Bio Assay (hand held assay) Limitations | False negatives or false positives, Porous surface could hinder effectiveness |
| Bio Assay (hand held assay) Use | Rapid field detection of bio warfare agents by detecting specific antibodies |
| Colorimetric detector tubes Capabilities | Detects specific gases and vapors |
| Colorimetric detector tubes Limitations | Not quantitative results, different manufacturer’s tubes not interchangeable, false positives, interpreting color change may be difficult, tubes have specific shelf life, Response times may vary for different materials |
| Colorimetric detector tubes Use | Different colored tubes react with material being tested |
| pH meters Capabilities | Measures acids and bases |
| pH meters Limitations | probes must be rinsed in distilled water before and after calibration, close proximity to material, can be affected by oils or other contaminants |
| pH meters Use | probe inserted into materials and pH is indicated on display screen |
| pH paper/ strips Capabilities | Chemical reaction changes the color of the detection paper, Acids are normally shades of red/ purple and bases are shades of blue |
| pH paper/ strips Limitations | false positives, must have accurate color perception |
| Reagents Capabilities | Substance or solution combined with a material causing a chemical reaction |
| Reagents Limitations | For specific chemical and biological materials |
| Reagents Use | Any substance used in a chemical reaction, chemical added to bring about a chemical change |
| Test Strips Capabilities | test for chemical agents, |
| Test Strips Limitations | readings need to be verified with another detector |
| Test Strips Use | specifically designed reagent strips that produce visible color change |
| Combustible gas indicator Capabilities | wheat stone bridge in id process, designed to measure LEL, and concentration of a combustible gas or vapor in atm |
| Combustible gas indicator Limitations | intended for normal atmospheres, requires warm-up period, does not identify other hazards such as toxicity, filament can be damaged by acidic gases and silicone |
| Combustible gas indicator Use | operates by catalytic combustion where sample is drawn across platinum catalyst (wheatstone bridge) |
| DNA fluoroscopy Capabilities | Identifies specific DNA sequences enabling it to detect and identify different biological agents, quantitative monitoring |
| DNA fluoroscopy Limitations | several methods to determine the presence and identify on scene best if done in lab |
| DNA fluoroscopy Use | to determine pathogenicity on scene |
| Electrochemical cells (oxygen meters) Capabilities | oxygen deficient and enriched atmosphere, measures percentage of oxygen in atms |
| Electrochemical cells (oxygen meters) Limitations | some materials indicate a high or normal level with actual atmosphere is deficient, extreme cold effects meter, does not indicate gas toxicity and gas that is replacing oxygen |
| Electrochemical cells (oxygen meters) Use | Air diffuses into the sensor, oxygen reacts with electrolytes in a cell creating a current |
| Electrochemical cells (Carbon monoxide meters) Capabilities | Measures concentration of Carbon Monoxide |
| Electrochemical cells (Carbon monoxide meters) Limitations | limited to measure only carbon monoxide, may not indicate an area is oxygen deficient |
| Electrochemical cells (Carbon monoxide meters) Use | Warns responders of possible ongoing combustion |
| Flame ionization detector Capabilities | Tests for organic compounds Hydrocarbons such as butane or hexane |
| Flame ionization detector Limitations | FID destroys most or all sample it is detecting |
| Flame ionization detector Use | best for detecting hydrocarbons and other easily flammable components |
| Gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer (GC/MS) Capabilities | Used to Analyze the molecular and ionic composition of chemical compounds, the gold standard for substance identification, performs library search for false positives |
| Gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer (GC/MS) Limitations | High cost, false positives and negatives |
| Gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer (GC/MS) Use | Unique analytical instrument housing the same hardware as laboratory instruments, gas chromotography, mass spectrometry and vacuum tech allows for operations at point of release |
| Infrared spectroscopy Capabilities | (hazmat id) Tests for solids, liquids and pastes, organic compounds, inorganic oxides, ect |
| Infrared spectroscopy Limitations | Cannot identify bio agents only gives proteins, metals and non-metals and simple ionic salts |
| Infrared spectroscopy Use | Chemicals absorb infrared light and the pattern of absorption is unique to each chemical |
| Ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) Capabilities | (ICAM) Capable of detecting and identifying very low concentrations of chemicals based upon the differential migration of gas phase ions through a homogeneous electric field |
| Ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) Limitations | There are a number of interferents that can have drift times similar to different chemical agents that can result in false-positives |
| Ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) Use | is a point detection system which uses either a radioactive source or corona discharge to drive the sample test process |
| Metal oxide sensor Capabilities | devices that translate the changes in the concentration of gaseous chemical species into electronic signals Quantifying compounds in concentration below less than one ppm |
| Metal oxide sensor Limitations | Can only detect a small number of chemicals, and requires warm up times |
| Metal oxide sensor Use | designed to detect specific chemicals |
| Photoionization detectors Capabilities | organic and some inorganic gases and vapors ,detects total concentration of numerous organic and inorganic gases and vapors. Increasingly used for both emergency response and remedial operations. Can be used to measure toxic exposure |
| Photoionization detectors Limitations | Reading is dependent upon calibration (isobutylene), does not detect methane |
| Photoionization detectors Use | Sample is exposed to ultraviolet light that ionizes the sample Ions are collected amplified, and produce a current which is read on a display as a total organic vapors |
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Capabilities | a highly sensitive technique by which minute quantities DNA or RNA sequences are enzymatically amplified to reach a threshold signal for detection |
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Limitations | Cannot differentiate between live and dead organisms, high cost |
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Uses | Applications for PCCR include molecular cloning, DNA sequencing, archeology, forensics, amplification of unknown sequences ect |
| Radiation detection and measurement instruments Capabilities | Used to monitor Alpha, Beta, Gamma, neutron particles, X-ray (number of different probes) |
| Radiation detection and measurement instruments Limitations | Most common instruments measure gamma rays and will detect ,not measure other. No response does not equal clean, electromagnetic field gives false positives, measurements can be affected by wind and shielding |
| Radiation detection and measurement instruments Uses | Ionization detectors which collect and count ions electronically, measures individual exposure, readings can provide in a number of formats, lowest level of detection is 0.01mR/hr |
| Raman spectroscopy (Ahura) Capabilities | rapid identification of potentially hazardous materials such as explosives, unknown chemicals, narcotics, or tics, point and shoot operation |
| Raman spectroscopy (Ahura) Limitations | do not use external laser on flammable, explosive materials or dark surfaces |
| Raman spectroscopy (Ahura) Uses | Product can be analyzed in glass vials or plastic bags, greatly reducing the possibility of evidence corruption, cross contamination or risk to response personnel |
| Surface acoustical wave (SAW) Capabilities | able to detect the presence of blister and nerve agents at same time |
| Surface acoustical wave (SAW) Limitations | Most units must be touched by finger, gloved hand, or soft tip stylus, pen won’t work, not completely sealable |
| Surface acoustical wave (SAW) Uses | Sensor application include all areas of sensing (chem, optical, thermal, pressure, acceleration, torque and bio) |
| Wet Chemistry Capabilities | Chemistry generally done in the liquid phase, bench chemistry |
| Wet Chemistry Limitations | limited field use, requires special training, beakers and flasks |
| Wet Chemistry Uses | chemical measurements, such as change in color, but often more quantitative chemical measurements |
Created by:
woodyb42
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