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STNA Infections
Basic Infection Control Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal Flora | Micro-organisms that help the body to function |
| Pathogen | Micro-organism that causes disease |
| Bacilli | Rod-Shaped bacteria |
| Cocci | Round shaped bacteria |
| Diplococci | Round bacteria in pairs |
| Streptococci | Round bacteria in chains |
| Staphylococci | Round bacteria in clusters |
| Spirochete | Cork-screw shaped bacteria |
| Vibrio | Bacteria shaped like curved rods |
| Virus | Smallest pathogen, small bundles of protein. |
| Fungi | Plant-like organisms including mold & yeast |
| Helminths | Parasitic worm-like organisms |
| Aerobic | Requires oxygen to live |
| Anaerobic | Does not require oxygen to live |
| Infection | Illness caused by a pathogen |
| Reservoir | Place where pathogen lives |
| Portal of Exit | How pathogen leaves the reservoir |
| Vector | Method of transmission involving a bite from a living creature |
| Foamite | A non-living object that has been contaminated by a pathogen |
| Direct Contact | Person-to-person transmission of a pathogen |
| Indirect Contact | Person-to-object transmission of a pathogen |
| Vehicle | Injection or ingestion of a substance contaminated by a pathogen |
| Antiseptic | Agent that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms on skin. Not effective against spores or viruses. |
| Disinfectant | Agent that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms on surfaces. Usually not effective against spores or viruses. |
| Surgical Asepsis or Sterilization | Practices that keep an object or area completely free of microorganisms. |
| Universal or Standard Precautions | Policy to treat all body fluids as if they are infected. |
| Airborne Precautions | Used for diseases that are spread by small droplets in the air |
| Droplet Precautions | For diseases spread in close range with large droplets spread from cough or sneeze |
| Contact Precautions | For diseases spread by contact with patient or items soiled by the pt. |
| Double Bagging | Method of removing contaminated items from a room by placing items in one red bag, then having a helper assist in placing bag inside another red bag. |
| Contaminated | Object that may contain pathogens (also called "dirty") |
| Signs of Infection | Redness, swelling, pain, warmth, inability to move part of body, increased TPR, changes in urine/stool/appetite |
| Incidence | The range of occurrence or the disease’s tendency to affect certain groups more often than others. |
| Virulence | The ability of a pathogen to cause disease. |
| Herd Immunity | When a pathogen infects a large number of people, those that do not die will be immune. Then there are fewer hosts available to infect, so the disease will die out. |
| Communicable | Can be transmitted from one person to another (also called contagious or infectious) |
| Idiopathic | Disease of unknown cause |
| Nosocomial or Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) | Infectious disease acquired in a healthcare facility |
| Opportunistic | Disease that appears in a host that is weakened. |
| Epidemic | When many people in a given region acquire a specific disease at the same time |
| Endemic | When a disease is found in a few people in a given region almost continually |
| Pandemic | When a disease is prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the world |
| Etiology | Study of causation or the theory of a disease’s origin |
| Genetic | Born with an inherited disease |
| Congenital | Present at birth |
| Antibodies | Specialized proteins that help body fight off diseases |
Created by:
Mrs O's STNA
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