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Micro exam
Microbiology final exam questions/answers
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Capsule | consist of a surface polysaccharide layer (smooth bacteria) prevent ingestion by phagocytic cells in pathogenic bacteria |
Horizontal Gene transfer: | Transformation |
Which of the following structures contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance? | Plasmid |
Which of the following is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells? | Glycocalix |
Which of the following is not a gram-negative bug? | Clostridium perfringens |
Which of the following is not true related to endotoxins? | Endotoxins are secreted from cells. |
Which of the following microorganisms stain well? | Escherichia coli |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - | Lowenstein-Jensen agar |
Haemophilus influenzae – | Chocolate agar |
Fungi - | Sabourand's agar |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae – | ? |
Cellulitis – | Pasteurella multocida |
Tularemia – | Francisella tularensis |
Gastritis – | Heliobacter pylori |
Lyme disease – | Borrelia burgdorferi |
Syphilis- | Treponema pallidum |
Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi |
? | Yersinia enterocolitica |
Which of the following is true concerning Staphylococcus aureus? | is related to inflammation. can cause pneumonia can lead to acute bacterial endocarditis |
Which of the following signs and symptoms is linked to Haemophilus influenzae? | Otitis media Pneumonia Epiglottis |
The Tsetse fly is a transmission factor for which of the following organisms? | Trypanosoma gambiense |
The Ixodes tick is a transmission factor for which of the following organisms? | Babesia |
Chagas' disease is commonly treated with Nifurtimox and is linked to the ____ microorganism | Trypanosoma cruzi |
Which of the following is fungal related? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
Which of the following is a DNA virus? | Adenovirus |
The Tzanck test is used on which of the following viruses? | VZV HSV-2 HSV-1 |
Which of the following microorganisms has been linked to UTI's? | E. coli Pseudomonas Klebsiella |
Vibrio cholerae | Gram- |
Escherichia coli | Gram- |
Bordetella pertussis | Gram- |
Clostridium perfringens | Gram+ |
Which of the following microorganisms stain well? | Escherichia coli |
Tyle I Hypersensitivity | Hay fever, bee sting, IgE - immediate can cause anaphylatic shock |
TypeII Hypersensitivity | Drug reactions, cross placenta barrier, blood transfusion, IgG - hours |
Type III Hypersensitivity | Systemic lupus, erythematosis, immune complex, IgG - hours |
Type IV Hypersensitivity | Poision ivy, tuberculin test, Thi inflammatory response, cell-mediated, delayed can be several days. |
Peptidoglycan | cross-linked peptides- maintains cell shape |
Pili | straight projections composed of pilin - adherence to surfaces, exchange of DNA via conjugation |
Flagella | hook and motor, purpose is motility |
Leukocytosis | Increase in WBC |
Endotoxin released when microbe damaged or lysed most common: | Gram- Lipid A |
Lipid A can cause: | Hemorrhaging and Cardiovascular shock |
Basophils and mast cells due what: | stimulate inflammation |
iodoxuridine used to treat: | hepatic keratis |
Algae are classified as: | eukaryotes |
Protozoans are classified as: | eukaryotes |
yeasts are classified as: | eukaryotes |
archaeobacteria are classified as: | prokaryotes |
Endotoxins are only produced by: | Gram- bacteria |
Archaeobacteria are classified as prokaryotes because: | They lack a nucleus |
The Gram stain does what: | it stains separate parts of cell differently. used to distinguish between gram positive and gram negative |
The lipid stain does what: | Allows viewing of the structures within the cells. Does not separate bacteria into groups |
The negative stain does what: | Used to show clear bacteria on a dark background. |
Spore formation in bacteria is limited to almost exclusively members of: | Bacillus and Clostridium |
Bacteria does not produce spores: | Envinia genus, Pseudomonas genus, Salmonella genus |
Euglena gracillis is considered: | autotrophic- uses its photosynthetic pigments to synthesize its own food materials |
Heterotrophic organis use what: | organic matter for food |
autotrophic organism use what: | photosynthetic own food |
Saprophytic organisms use: | nonliving preformed organic matter |
A barrier placed between donor and recipient cell will stopL | conjugation- requires cell to cell contact and would be blocked by the barrier. |
What can be determined by the one step growth curve exhibited by the lytic bacteriophage? | The curve indicates the number of phage particles. |
Ensures sterilization due to its high sporicidal activity: | Prssurized steam- penetrates tough bacterial sportes and destroys them quickly. |
How does moist heat kill bacteria: | Small temperature increases lead to denaturation of some proteins. |
Common microorganism in human intestines: | Escherichia coli- part of normal flora in human intestines |
Staphylococcus aureus: | Commonly located in the nose and on the skin. |
Vibrio cholerae: | Pathogen and agent of cholera |
high titers of IgM indicate: | Typical primary response to an antigen |
Why is Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to destruction by phagocytosis: | Capsule: |
Streptococcus pneumonaie is gram? | Gram+ |
Endotoxinx are only produced by Gram? | Gram- bacteria |
Cholera death most often caused by: | Loss of fluid and electrolytes |
coliform in drinking water indicate? | presence of human waste in the water |
Microorganism used to produce antibiotics should exhibit: | excrete/presencer of Secondary metabolites |
acedic acid in wine occurs when: | exposed to air. acid-forming bacteria use the oxygen to convert the ethanol in wine to acetic acid. |
Bacteria is a: | prokaryote |