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IV Fluid s
IV Fluids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Osmolality? * | # of solutes or particles in the blood. |
| What is normal osmolality? | 270-300 mOsm/kg |
| What is the percentage of total body water in Newborns, adult male, and adult females? | Newborns 80%; Males 60%; Females 50% |
| What does an increase in osmolality indicate? | * Less body water * Increase thirst |
| What are some examples of insensible water loss? | * Sweat * Breathing * Evaportation through skin * Water loss through the lungs * it is not easily measured or is unmeasurable. |
| What is Osmosis? * | It is the passive diffusion of Water across a membrane. |
| What is Tonicity? | Osmolality |
| A fluid that is of the same osmolality as blood is called what? * | Isotonic |
| What is a Hypotonic solution? * | Water moves by osmosis from the vascular system into the cells. |
| What is a Hypertonic solution? * | Water moves by osmosis from the cells into the ECF. |
| What is Hydrostatic pressure and explain its importance. * | The force created by fluid within a closed system and it is responsible for normal circulation of blood. |
| What is Osmotic pressure and why is it important? * | It is the power of a solution to draw water. Helps maintain fluid in the vascular space. |
| What is oncotic pressure? | The force exerted by protein in the blood to pull water into the vascular (a type of osmosis). |
| In fluid shifting what is the 1st space? | No fluid shifting |
| What is the 2nd space? | Fluid moving into interstitial space |
| What is the 3rd space? | Fluid moves into abnormal spaces. |
| What is a crystalloid? * | Solutes that readily dissolve (e.g., electrolytes) |
| What is a colloid? * | Larger molecules that do not dissolve readily (e.g. Proteins). |
| Crystalloids increase volume in which area(s)? | Extracellular, and intravascular. |
| In what medical situations would Crystalloids be used to help? * | * Shock * Hemorrhage * Severe vomiting/diarrhea * Mild hyponatremia * Metabolic acidosis -DKA |
| What are lactated ringer's (LR)? | A crystalloid solution that is isotonic with blood. |
| When are lactated ringer's used? | * Burn injuries * GI tract losses * Fistula drainage * Metabolic acidosis |
| What effects to colloids have? | Same as hypertonic and crystalloids (expands blood volume; e.g. albumin) |
| Name two Hypotonic solutions. | D5W and .45 NS |
| Name two Hypertonic solutions. | 3% NS and 5% NS |
| Demonstrate the set-up of primary and secondary IV solutions FOR TEST. | Review skills lab. |
| What is the IV flow rate to Keep Vein Open (KVO)? | 10-30 mL/hr. |
| IV flow rate for maintenance is? | 75-150 mL/hr. |
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