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Intro. to RC Pharm.
Chapter's In Rau's RC Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Chemical Name | The name indicating the chemical structure of a drug |
| Define Generic Name | The name assigned by (USAN) councils when a drug has been determined to have therapeutic use. |
| Define Official Name | When a drug is fully approved for general use by United States of Pharmacopeia; The generic becomes official name. |
| Define Non-Proprietary Name | The other names besides "Marketed name" |
| Define Drug | A chemical substance that can alter an organisms' function or processes. |
| Define Pharmacology | The study of drugs(chemicals) including origin,properties, and and interactions with living organisms. |
| What are the two reliable sources that you can find information about drugs and therapeutic use? | The United States of Pharmacopeia an The Physician Desk Reference .. also THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS & DRUG FACTS AND COMPARISONS. |
| What is a orphan drug? | Designed to treat a particular disease. |
| What are some of the advantages of drugs delivered my oral inhalation or nasal inhalation? | Aerosol doses are smaller than other used for the same purpose and given systemically; Side effects are usually fewer and less severe; Rapid onset; The drug delivery is localized;Safe convenient, and painless. |
| What is an Anti-infective agent? | antibiotics or anti- tuberculous drugs. |
| What are the five major routes of drug administration? | Enteral, Topical,Transdermal,Parenteral,and Inhalation. |
| What are the four overall factors that affect the effect of a drug in regards to the body? | Absorption,Distribution, Metabolism,and Elimination. |
| What are the 5 barriers that a drug must pass through to reach the smooth muscle cell or gland cell? | Airway mucosa, Epithelial Cells, Basement Membrane,Interstitium and Capillary Vascular Network. |
| If a drug is____________-soluble, it moves more readily through the " aqueous compartments of the body. | Water |
| In order to move more readily through cell membranes, a drug must be _____- soluble. | Lipid |
| The barriers that that a drug must penetrate will affect the drug's time of _________ and the time of __________ ____________. | Onset; Peak Effect |
| What is the definition of a Loading Dose? | To give a higher quantity of a drug, initially, to quickly achieve a therapeutic level. |
| Another word for Metabolism is________________. | Biotransformed |
| Maintenance dosing means that the level of a given drug is equal to the rate of ________________. | Elimination |
| The organ that is most involved with metabolizing drugs is the____. | Liver |
| The primary site of drug excretion is the ________. | Kidney |
| What is "Half- Life"? | it's the measure of how rapidly a drug is eliminated in the body. |
| What is a Drug Receptor? | Polypeptides or proteins who's shape and electric charge provide a match to a drugs corresponding chemical shape or charge. |
| What is an synergism? | When two drugs act on a target organ by different mechanisms of action. And the effect brings a more effective outcome than working independantly. |
| What is tolerance? | A decreased sensitivity to a drug over a long period. |
| What is hyper sensitivity? | When a drug can cause an allergic or immune- mediated reaction that can cause ventilatory maintenance or airway assistance. |
| The study of drugs in called | Pharmacology |
| The time course and disposition of a drug in the body based on absorption,metabolism, distribution and elimination, is called | Pharmokinetics |
| The mechanism of a drug action by which a drug molecule cause its effect in the body is called( what it does to the body) | Pharmacodynamics |
| What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | a gram negative organism and is primarily a nosocomial organism. |
| What is the study of toxic substances? | Toxicology |
| The art of treating diseases is called | Therapeutics |
| Most drugs come from chemicals, however_________,____________, and ___________ also contain active ingredients for drugs. | Plants, Minerals, and Animals |
| In ancient times cromium sodium was used as a muscle relaxer but nowadays it is available as a synthetic form called | anti-asthmatic |
| One advantage of orphan drugs is... | It’s good that there’s a drug available to treat rare diseases |
| One disadvantage of orphan drugs is.. | No reasonable expectation of recovering the cost |
| What are the six parts of a prescription? | a.) Patients name b.) the recipe c.) inscription d.)subscription e.)sigma f.)Name of prescriber |
| True or False: The physician must write on the prescription that it's okay to use generic form of the drug. | True |
| What kind of drugs paralyze people and are used in critical care? | Neuromuscular Blocking Agents |
| Name of the drugs to keep blood from clotting | Anti-Coagulants or thrombolytic agents |
| A rapid decrease in response to a drug is called | tachyphylaxis |
| The ratio of the dose of a drug that is toxic to 50% of test subject to the dose that provides relief to 50% of the test subjects is the | potency or concentration |
| State the Therapeutic Purpose and name of the Agent:Adrenergic | Bronchodilation; Albuterol |
| State the Therapeutic Purpose and name of the Agent:Anticholinergic | Bronchodilation; Epinepherine |
| State the Therapeutic Purpose and name of the Agent: Mucoactive | Clearance of secrections (Mucus thinner); Mucomyst |
| State the Therapeutic Purpose and name of the Agent: Corticosteroid | Reduction of airway inflammation; Triamcinolone acetonide (Flovent) |
| State the Therapeutic Purpose and name of the Agent: Antiasthmatic | Prevent onset development; Cromolyn Sodium |
| State the Therapeutic Purpose and name of the Agent: Antiinfective | Elimination of infective agents; Tobramycin |
| State the Therapeutic Purpose and name of the Agent: Exogenous surfactants | Restoring lung compliance; Calafactant |
| q4h | every four hours |
| qd | everyday |
| bid | twice daily |
| et | and |
| cc | cubic centimeter |
| gtt | a drop |
| IM | intramuscular |
| L | liter |
| mL | millimeter |
| po | by mouth |
| q | every |
| prn | as needed |
| nebul | spray |
| npo | nothing by mouth |
| qh | every hour |
| qod | every other day |
| q3h | every three hours |
| qid | four times daily |
| q2h | every two hours |
| tid | three times daily |
| IV | intravenous |
| ________ _____________ transport occurs by special membrane embedded carrier molecules transporting substances across membranes | Carrier mediated |
| What is pinocytosis? | When a membrane engulfs a substance in the the interior vesciles allowing trans-location. |
| Term used to indicate the proportion of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation is _________________. | bioavailability |
| What does the book means when it says "narrow therapeutic index?" | That there is a fine line between therapeutic effects and toxic effects. |
| Define antagonist | blocks or dampens agonist-mediated responses |
| Define agonist | It triggers a response by a cell and most often mimic the action of a naturally occurring substance. |
| Which of the following is the only route of administration that can't exert local effect? a) Topical b) Oral c.) Parenteral d.)Inhalation | b.) Oral |
| What type of drug crosses the blood-brain barrier most easily? | Non- ionized; Lipid soluble |
| When delivering a drug via inhalation what percentage of the drug is inhaled into the lungs | 10% |
| The two major branches of the human nervous system are | CNS or Peripheral Nervous System |
| The central Neervous System is made up of | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| The peripheral NS is made up of____________, _____________, and _____________________ | sensory neurons, somatic neurons, and the autonomic NS. |
| The autonomic system is named in two parts called: | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic system |
| The autonomic system is not under our_______________ control. | conscience |
| What is a neurotransmitter? | When a neurotransmitter, or chemical agent released by a particular brain cell, travels across the synapse to act on the target cell to either inhibit or excite it |
| Name the two sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters | norepinephrine & acetylcholine |
| The parasympathertic system only uses | ACH |
| The sympathetic nervous system acts as an _____ system. | alarm |
| Neural propagation is both a ________ and ___________ event | electrical and chemical |
| The enzyme that brakes down ACh is called | cholinesterase |
| Name of the test for Myasthenia gravis | Tensilon |
| Test for Asthma | methacholine challenge |
| Major parasympathetic nerve is called | Vagas |
| Adrenergic receptor sites can be stimulated in two ways_________________ and ____________. | Nerve fibers or chemicals distributed by blood |
| Norepinephrine and epinephrine (destroyed)by an enzyme called | COMT |
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Stefgarner
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