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Chapter 1

A & P

QuestionAnswer
Anatomy scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure
Physiology scientific investigation of the processes function of living things
Gross Anatomy structures exmained without a microscope
Regional anatomy Studied area by area
Systemic Anatomy studied system by system
Surface Anatomy external form and relation to deeper structures as x-ray in anatomic imaging
microscopic structures seen with the microscope
Cytology study of cell anatomy
histology study of tissues
Physiology -reveals changing nature of living things -Considers how specific organ systems function
Cell Physiology processes in cells
Neurophysiology nervous system
Cardiovascular the heart and blood vessels
Subjects that encompass both Anatomy and Physiology -Pathology -Exercise Physiology
Pathology structural and functional changes caused by pathology
Exercise Physiology changes in structure and function caused by exercise
Structural and functional organizations 1. Chemical ( atoms) 2. Cell 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. organism
Chemical interaction of atoms/ molecules
Cell Functional unit of life
Tissue a group of similar cells and surrounding material
Organ one or more tissues functioning together
Organ System group of organs functioning together
Organism any living thing
Six characteristics of life 1. Organization 2. Metabolism 3. Responsiveness 4. Growth 5. Development 6. Reproduction
Organization Condition in which there are specific relationships and functions
Metabolism all chemical reactions of the body
Responsiveness ability to sense changes and adjust
Growth increase in size and/or number of cells
Development changes in an organism over time
Reproduction new cells or new organisms
Differentiation changes in an organism over time from general to specific
Morphogenesis changes in shape of tissue or organ
Homeostasis the existance and maintenace of a relatively constant enviornment within the body
Variables things that can change like temperature , it fluctuates around the set point.
Set point the ideal normal value of a variable
Feedback system components 1. Receptor 2. Control Center 3. Effector
Receptor monitors the value of some variables
Control Center Establishes the set point
Effector can change the value of the variable-> response
Negative feedback any deviation from the set point is made smaller ( resisted) ex. regulation of blood pressure, body temperature, blood sugar
Positive feedback when a deviation occurs the response is to make the deviation greater . ex. after severe bleeding blood pressure drops and keeps dropping
Anatomical Position body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward
Supine lying face up
Prone lying face down
superior vs. Inferior towards the head Vs. away from the head
Medial vs. Lateral close to midline vs. away from midline
Proximal vs. Distal towaards the body vs. away from the body
Superficial vs. Deep relative to the surface of the body
Anterior(Ventral) vs. Posterior(Dorsal) forward vs. towards the back
Body Planes 1. Median 2. Sagittal 3. Frontal or Coronal plane 4. Transverse/Cross 5. Oblique
Median through the midline
Sagittal to the left or right of the midline
Frontal or Coronal divides body into anterior and posterior sections
transverse/cross divides body into superior and inferior sections
Oblique cut at any but a right angle
Body Cavities 1. Thoracic Cavity 2. Abdominal cavity 3. Pelvic cavity
Serous Membranes Cover organs and line cavities
Serous Membranes 1. Pericardium- heart 2. Pleura- lungs 3. Peritoneum- abdominopelvic cavity
Radiography shadowy negative of internal body structures
Computed Tomography computer analyzed composite of radiograph; shows slices of body
Ultrasound computer-analyzed sound waves bounces off a structure
Magnetic Resonance Imaging uses magnetism and radio waves
Positron Emission Tomography readioactive glucose-metabolic activity
Created by: frm1210
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