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research test 1 cont
Question | Answer |
---|---|
an orderly set of groups that do not overlap and organize the meaning of qualitative data | categorization scheme |
breaking down and labeling large amounts of textual data to identify te category in which it belongs | coding |
use of coding to cartegorize data | data reduction |
an abstract idea or concept that is implicit in and recurrent throughout qualitative data | theme |
a point in qualiitative data collection and analysis when all new info is redundant of already collected info | data saturation |
data that describes the characteristics of the people in the study | demographics |
information we need to understand the findings or make conclusion is missing | incomplete information |
information is presented in an unclear manner | confusing information |
aspects of interest in a study that differ | variables |
variables used to explain or predict | independent variables |
variables depend on other variables in the study they are what we wnant to predict or understand | dependent variables |
a definition that desctibes something conceptually (refering to variables) | theoretical definition |
a definition that describes something concretely, usually in terms of measurement (refering to variables) | operational definition |
every variable in a quantitative study must have____becuase every variable must be measured | an operational definition |
true score + error | observed score |
occurs each time the measurement is taken | systematic error |
in measurement occur randomly and may be due to personal factors, poor directions on questionaire, administration variations, anonyymity of the response situation | random errors |
unstructured interviews and field notes are examples of __methods | qualitative |
same questions, in the same order, and in the same manner are asked of all subjects by the interviewer | structured interview |
no specific set of questions are asked. Interviewer is free to ask questions to explore a topic with the respondent based on their responses to a previous question | unstructured interview |
some specific questions are asked but additional open-ended questions can also be asked by the interviewer | semi-structured interview |
used for obtaining data on characteristics of subjects. Info such as age, gender, race, education, religion | demographic questions |
asks repondents to complete questions in their own words. | open-ended questions |
responddents are sked to select a response from alternative responses listed | close-ended questions |
items that are relevant for some respondents and not others are called | contingency questions |
one criticism of self-report psychological measures is that persons may answer the items in a socially desirable manner rather than their true feelings | projective techniques |
process of selecting representative units of a population for study in a research investigation | sampling |
types of qualitative sampling | convience, snowball, purposive |
readily found participants, convenient for recruitment, no attempt to limit or control sample other than members of the population | convient sample |
built by using contacts from the first couple of participants to identify other members of the population | snowball sample |
the sample consists of participants who are intentionally selected from the population because they have certain characteristics that are related to the purpose of the study | purposive sample |
a statistical procedure to identify how many subjects will be needed in a study to achieve statistical significance, assuming the difference or relationship rested is present in the population | power analysis |
does not assure that everyonein the population of interest has an equal opportunity to be included in the study | non-probability sampling |
strategies that suure that every member of a population has an equal opportunity to be in the study | probability sampling |
non-probability samples | convience, quota, matched |
types of probability samples | random, cluster, systematic |
a sample in which all members of the population of interest are identified and in the sampling frame so that each member can be given an equal chance of being included in the sample | random sample |
the processof selecting subjects from the population in a manner that avoids any systemic influence and gives all members an equal chance of being included | random selection |
subjects selected at random using methods such as slips of paper or table of random numbers | simple random sample |
the entire population is divided into groups ased on an important characteristic; subjects are then randomly selected from each group | stratified random sample |
sampling in stages starting with froups in population then individuals in the group | cluster sampling |
what is a type 2 error | not rejecting a null-hypothesis that is false |
what is an underpowered study | small sample size so you dont reject the Null |
what is a type 1 error | rejecting a Null hypothesis that is true |
no relationship between the rows we are always trying to prove that it is true | Null hypothesis |
who originated evidence based practice | cochrane |
what does PICO stand for | population, intervention, comparison, outcome |