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Fundamentals Week9
Oxygenation, First Aid and Emergency Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hypoxemia | Lack of O2 in the blood |
| Hypoxia | Inadequate O2 at the cellular level |
| Arterial Blood Gases | Assesses the function of the lungs by measuring pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3 and SaO2 |
| pH | Measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, such as the blood |
| HCO3 | Bicarbonate (Increases BASICITY) Amount is controlled by the KIDNEYS |
| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide (Increases ACIDITY) Amount is controlled by the LUNGS |
| O2 | Oxygen |
| Alkaline | Same as base, opposite of an acid |
| Normal pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| Acidosis | pH less than 7.35 |
| Alkalosis | pH greater than 7.45 |
| Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis | Caused by a lung problem |
| Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis | Caused by renal failure or other metabolic problems (DKA) |
| Interpreting Blood Gases | FIRST- Look at the pH- Is it acidic or alkaline (who's your daddy) THEN- Look at CO2 and HCO3. If CO2 is abnormal it is RESPIRATORY, IF HCO3 abnormal it is METABOLIC |
| Normal Value for CO2 | 35-45mm Hg |
| Normal Value for HCO3 | 22-26 mEq |
| Room Air | 21% Oxygen |
| Non Rebreather | Delivers Pure O2 by inhibiting the re-breathing of exhaled air |
| Venturi Mask | O2 + Room Air at specific doses. (Known as FiO2) |
| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure |
| Pneumothorax | Air in pleural space |
| Hemothorax | Blood in pleural space |
| Hyperbaric Oxygen | 100% FiO2 at THREE times the atomospheric pressure. Increases PaO2 from 80-100 to over 2,000 mmHg |
| Hyperbaric Oxygen Indications | Improves wound healing for diabetic/vascular insufficiency Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Decompression sickness, Anaerobic Burn infections |
| BiPAP | Bilevel positive airway pressure |
| PEEP | Positive end-expiratory pressure |
| Ventilation | Moving gases in and out of the lungs; the act of breathing |
| Respiration | the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs |
| Brain Death | Irreversible form of unconciousness characterized by a complete loss of brain function while the heart continues to beat. Legal definition varies from state to state. |
| Epistaxis | Nosebleed; Hemmorrahge from the nose. |
| Avulsion | Torn away tissue, teeth |
| Heat Exhaustion | Loss of water/lytes due to prolonged exertion in hot environment |
| Heat Stroke | Environment too hot/humid for the body to cool itself. Brain damage/death more likely. |
| Frostbite | Freezing of tissues |
| Orthopedic injuries | Always check ABCs first, Splint in place, Ensure blood flow, RICE Therapy |
| RICE | Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
| Shallow Partial Thickness burn | Superficial |
| Deep Partial Thickness burn | Blistering |
| Full Thickness burn | Completely through skin and underlying tissue |
| Chemical Agents (Terrorism) | Pulmonary- affect the lungs, can cause death Incapacitating- Impair rather than kill Cyanide- Rapidly dealy in high concentrations nerve agents- Rapidly deadly, Vesicants-destroy skin/tissues |
| Chain of survival | Early recognition and access to EMS, Early CPR, Early Defib, Early ALS |
| Confirming Death | Unreceptiveness to even intense painful stimuli No movement/spontaneous resp. x 8 minutes,PaCo2>/= 60 after 100% Fio2 |
| Confirming Death (2) | Complete absence of deep tendon reflexes, Flat EEG x 10 minutes, No changes after 2nd assessment |
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100000914581547
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