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Cell Cycle SG
Cell Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is carcinoma | Epethelial derived tumors |
| What is adenocarcinoma | A glandular tissue |
| True or False: In neuroepithelial tissue you have astrocyoma, glioblastoma and ependymoma | True |
| How does chemotherapy work? | By blocking cell cycle progression or asking cells to undergo apoptosis |
| Why do we have to worry about bacteria when on chemotherapy? | Because neutrophils drop |
| What does radiation affect in the DNA? | The structure |
| If DNA is damaged what does p53 do? | It rises until apoptosis is induced |
| Are p53 inhibitors or activators of the cell cycle? | Inhibitors |
| What does rituximab/rituxan target? | CD20 which is only found on mature B cells |
| What happens if you block microtubules? | You can arrest the cell cycle |
| Name processes that you need in the cell cycle | Transcription, translation, protein dedradation, protein synthesis, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation |
| Important things to note when prescribing combination drugs for cancer | No overlapping toxicities, different mechanisms of action, synergistic, different patterns of resistance |
| What muscles and cells do not undergo cell division? | Skeletal muscle, heart muscle, neurons |
| What type of epithelial lines ducts? | Cuboidal |
| What type of epithelial lines arteries? | Simple squamous |
| Where are stem cells located in the gut? | In the crypt in the lumen |
| Where are the stem cells located in the stratified squamous? | In the basal level |
| What are the major intermediate filaments targeted in the cell cycle? | Lamin |
| Describe interphase | Duplication of paired centrioles. Polymerization of spindle microtubules |
| Describe prophase | There is a mitotic spindle |
| Describe prometaphase | Nuclear envelope breaks down. Sister chromaticds are highly condensed |
| Describe metaphase | Chromosomes line on the middle plate |
| Desribe anaphase | Chromosomes separate to opposite poles |
| Difference between anaphase A and anaphase B | A: Separation B: Elongation |
| What holds the sister chromatids together? | cohesion |
| Describe telophase | Reformation of the nucelar envelope which is facilitated by dephosphorylation of nuclear lamins |
| What is in the contractile ring that forms at the midplate? | Actin and myosin |
| True or False: There are checkpoints throughout the cell cycle | True |
| What controls the cell cycle? | Kinase and cyclin (appears and disappears) |
| What needs to be made in order for the cell cycle to go forward? | Cyclin |
| Name functions of cyclin | Nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, golgi fragmentation, ER fragmentation and gene expression |
| If cyclin is present but cell is not ready to move on what happens? | It produces an inhibitor, Ex. P21 or P27 |
| What is the problem with proto-oncogenes? | It can be locked in an on state promoting the cell cycle |
| Does a mutation in RAS cause tumors? | Yes the mutation is when Ras in on the on state |
| What links RAS to the plasma membrane? | Farnesyl anchor |
| How does rb affect the cell cycle? | It is an inhibitor to transcription factor |
| When rb is mutated what happens? | It stays in an off state (Serine replaced by glutamic acid) |
| p53 is considered what type of gene? | A tumor suppressor gene |
| What does p53 cause the transcription of? | mdm2 which leads to the destruction of p53 |
| What does p53 lead to the activation of? | p21 which is a negative regulator of the cdk complex |
| True or False: p53 can produce genes that drive the cell into apoptosis | True |
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