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Linguistics-1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prescriptivists | self-appointed "language doctors" seeking to guide speakers to what they perceive to be proper language through rules such as the following |
| prescriptive rules | standard for educated writing, different views, resisting change, made up |
| justifications for prescriptivism | old is better, those are the conventions, more logical, I said so |
| use of prescriptivism | preservation, clarity, standardization, social gatekeeping |
| descriptive grammar | seeks to understand languages through the scientific study of language. seeking to uncover subconscious knowledge |
| goal of descriptive grammar? | to uncover a set of rules that will give a grammatical sentence |
| linguistic competence | knowledge in speakers minds which allows language to be generated |
| why don't we study linguistic performance | because it is distorted by memory, false starts, fatigue. There are performance errors |
| mental grammar | a set of rules for how language is structured (tacit) |
| metalinguistic knowledge | knowledge about knowledge of language |
| what does it mean for an expression to be grammatical | it means if it can be generated by grammar; if it is possible to say |
| what provides evidence for speaker's linguistic competence | judgements of grammaticality and judgements of ambiguity |
| two sides of linguistic creativity | 1. native speakers of a language can produce and understand novel sentences of that language 2. native speakers can construct an infinite number of expressions form a limited set of building blocks |
| recursion | linguistic unit of some kind containing a unit of the same kind |
| nominal compound | a noun composed of two nouns |
| head of a compound | a noun that determines its basic meaning |
| right hand head rule of English | head of a compound is always on the right |
| Early nativism | Plato- learning is just remembering in-born knowledge |
| rationalist nativism - Descartes | knowledge of things like god adn infinity is innate |
| rational nativism - Leibniz | experience is particular, "necessary truths" are innate, given by benevolent god |
| nativism | knowledge is built in |
| naturalists criticism on nativism | too mystical, too much theology, unnecessarily extravagant, knowledge must be explained though scientific methods |
| emiricism | all knowledge comes from experience |
| tabula rasa | the mind is at birth a blank slate |
| behaviorism | learning is stimulus driven, as time passes, language will become for accurate |
| modern nativism | some experience some innateness |
| noam chomsky | language is innate, knowledge of language is part of human mind |
| human language faculty | knowledge of language is part of human mind |
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lkp12001
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