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What are the 3 layers of the Earth?
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The Crust
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Y7 Geography E&V
Y7 Geography Revision of Volcanoes and Earthquakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 layers of the Earth? | The crust, Mantle Core |
| The Crust | This is the layer you live on.It's a thin skin of rock around the Earth |
| The Mantle | This forms about half the Earth and is made of heavier rock.The upper mantle is hard but the rock below is soft like plastic and liquid in some places |
| The Core | Is mainly iron mixed with a little nickel.The outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid. |
| How thick is the crust? | 8-65km thick |
| Continental Crust | Made of:Granite=Thicker than oceanic crust |
| Oceanic Crust | Made of:Basalt=Heavier than Continental crust |
| Lithosphere | The crust and upper mantle are hard together they form the lithosphere |
| Name 3 points that | |
| What are the 3 layers of the Earth? | The crust, Mantle Core |
| The Crust | This is the layer you live on.It's a thin skin of rock around the Earth |
| The Mantle | This forms about half the Earth and is made of heavier rock.The upper mantle is hard but the rock below is soft like plastic and liquid in some places |
| The Core | Is mainly iron mixed with a little nickel.The outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid. |
| How thick is the crust? | 8-65km thick |
| Continental Crust | Made of:Granite=Thicker than oceanic crust |
| Oceanic Crust | Made of:Basalt=Heavier than Continental crust |
| Lithosphere | The crust and upper mantle are hard together they form the lithosphere |
| Name 3 points of the pattern of volcanoes and earthquakes | 1)They often occur close together2)They tend to occur along lines3)They occur both in ocean and in land |
| Name 3 points that cracked the pattern | 1)The earths surface is cracked like an eggshellinto plates2)The plates are always moving3)This movement causes earthqakes and volcanoes along th cracks |
| Name 5 plates | 1)Pacific2)African3)Eurasian4)North American5)Indo-Australian |
| What is the 'Ring of Fire'? | Around the Pacific plate contains the most volcanoes |
| What are plates on? | Lithospehre |
| How do plates move? | Convection Currents |
| Name 3 points that cracked the pattern | 1)The earths surface is cracked like an eggshellinto plates2)The plates are always moving3)This movement causes earthqakes and volcanoes along th cracks |
| Name 5 plates | 1)Pacific2)African3)Eurasian4)North American5)Indo-Australian |
| What is the 'Ring of Fire'? | Around the Pacific plate contains the most volcanoes |
| What are plates on? | Lithospehre |
| How do plates move? | Convection Currents |
| Constructive Plate Boundry | This is when the 2 plates are pulling away from each other.When they do this there is a gap between the 2 plates magma rises between them and then hardens into basalt |
| Magma | Melted rock beneath the Earths surface;when it reaches the surface it is called lava |
| Lava | Melted rock that erupts from a volcano |
| Destructive Plate Boundry | 2 plates push together into each other.The oceanic plate is heavier than the continental plate so it gets pushed beneath it.This forms earthquakes as it jolts down and it heats up causing the rock to melt and then the melted rock forms a volcano |
| Trench | A deep V-shaped valley in the ocean floor |
| Subduction Zone | Oceanic plate melting as it enters the mantle |
| Collision Zone | Both plates are continental so neither go under.They push together to form fold mountains in mountain ranges.The movement in the rock causes earthquakes but theres no lava so no volcanos. |
| Passive Plate Boundry | 2 plates pass along each other in the same direction although they might be slower or faster in some cases.This only causes earthqakes not volcanoes. |
| How are earthqakes formed? | When plates are sliding along each other sometimes they get jammed,like teeth and tension builds up then suddenly it gives way and the plates lurch forward. |
| Sesimic Waves | Waves of energy that travel in all directions |
| Focus | The point where the rock gives way |
| Epicentre | The point directly above the earthquake on the Earths surface |
| Aftershocks | Little earthqakes after the big one when the rock is settling into new posistions. |
| Sesimometers | The machines in which earthquakes are measured |
| Sesimograph | A graph of vibrations in which vibrations are recorded |
| Magnitude | The amount of energy released in an earthquake |
| Richter Scale | What magnitude is measured in |
| On the richter scale how much bigger is 2 than 1 | 30 times |
| What is the highest recorded magnitude on the richter scale? | 8.5 |
| Remember to read about the Damage done in Earthqaukes | Remember to read about the damage done in earthquakes |
| Read through Plans and take action to limit earthquakes.And Lucky or Unlucky | Read through plans and take action to limit earthquakes.And Lucky or Unlucky |
| Collision Zone | Both plates are continental so neither go under.They push together to form fold mountains in mountain ranges.The movement in the rock causes earthquakes but theres no lava so no volcanos. |
| Passive Plate Boundry | 2 plates pass along each other in the same direction although they might be slower or faster in some cases.This only causes earthqakes not volcanoes. |
| How are earthqakes formed? | When plates are sliding along each other sometimes they get jammed,like teeth and tension builds up then suddenly it gives way and the plates lurch forward. |
| Sesimic Waves | Waves of energy that travel in all directions |
| Focus | The point where the rock gives way |
| Epicentre | The point directly above the earthquake on the Earths surface |
| Aftershocks | Little earthqakes after the big one when the rock is settling into new posistions. |
| Sesimometers | The machines in which earthquakes are measured |
| Sesimograph | A graph of vibrations in which vibrations are recorded |
| Magnitude | The amount of energy released in an earthquake |
| Richter Scale | What magnitude is measured in |
| On the richter scale how much bigger is 2 than 1 | 30 times |
| What is the highest recorded magnitude on the richter scale? | 8.5 |
| Remember to read about the Damage done in Earthqaukes | Remember to read about the damage done in earthquakes |
| Read through Plans and take action to limit earthquakes.And Lucky or Unlucky | Read through plans and take action to limit earthquakes.And Lucky or Unlucky |
| How can you predict earthquakes long before they happen? | By using a laser system.The laser beams reflect off the reflectors placed somewhere.They can detect a movemebt of just 1mm. |
| What happens to wells close to the earthquake?Why? | The water level drops because groundwater goes into cracks. |
| Tiltmeter | An instrument used to measure rock bulge |
| What gas escapes from the rocks through the cracks and bubbles in wells? | Radon gas |
| Foreshocks | Small earthquakes before the big earthquake |
| What do animals do before an earthquake? | Act strangely.Dogs howl.Snakes and rats come out of thier holes. |
| Remember 'what harm can eruptions do?' | Remember 'what harm can eruptions do?' |
| Name 6 things from an errupting volcano | 1)gas2)ash3)dust4)cinders5)bombs(lumps of hard lava)6)blocks of rocks torn from volcano |
| What is in volcanic gas and what does it smell like? | Steam,carbon dioxide and a little sulphur dioxide.It smells of rotton eggs. |
| Pyroclastic Flow | A flood of gas,dust,ash and lava rushing down the side of a volcano after an eruption. |
| What happens when pyroclastic flow meets withwater from rain water or melted ice? | Mud Flow.A river of mud;it can form when the material from an eruption mixes with water. |
| Name 2 things lava can be | 1)Viscous(thick like tar)2)Runny as custard-It depends on the type of rock melted |
| Name 2 ways lava can flow out a volcano | 1)Explode from crater2)Flow down the side of the volcano |
| Remember 'what harm can eruptions do?' | Remember 'what harm can eruptions do?' |
| Name 6 things from an errupting volcano | 1)gas2)ash3)dust4)cinders5)bombs(lumps of hard lava)6)blocks of rocks torn from volcano |
| What is in volcanic gas and what does it smell like? | Steam,carbon dioxide and a little sulphur dioxide.It smells of rotton eggs. |
| Pyroclastic Flow | A flood of gas,dust,ash and lava rushing down the side of a volcano after an eruption. |
| What happens when pyroclastic flow meets withwater from rain water or melted ice? | Mud Flow.A river of mud;it can form when the material from an eruption mixes with water. |
| Name 2 things lava can be | 1)Viscous(thick like tar)2)Runny as custard-It depends on the type of rock melted |
| Name 2 ways lava can flow out a volcano | 1)Explode from crater2)Flow down the side of the volcano |
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