| Question | Answer |
| Standard Deviation | The measure of variation that is based on every piece of data |
| Measures of central tendency | mean, median, and mode |
| Measures of variation | Range and standard deviation |
| Theory | An explanation that predicts events based on a set of observations |
| Hypothesis | a testable prediction |
| Operational definition | a detailed explanation of the procedures |
| Correlation Coefficient | a number that is a measure of a relationship it is between 1 and -1 |
| Sensory neurons | carry information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system |
| Motor neurons | carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands |
| Interneurons | link the sensory and motor neurons in the central nervous system |
| Dendrites | branch like fingers that receive messages from other nerve cells and conduct impulses |
| axon | extension that sends impulses to nerve cells or muscles or glands |
| myelin sheath | layer of tissue that covers the axon and speeds up neural impulses |
| synapse | junction between the axon tip and the dendrite of two neurons |
| Neural impulse | electrical signal that travels down the axon |
| Cell body or Soma | life support center |
| Terminal branches of axon | they form junctions with other cells |
| Terminal Buttons | knobs at the end of the axon that secrete chemicals |
| Acetylcholine | Excitatory neurotransmitter has a relationship with the movement of muscles as well as arousal related to memory loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease |
| Dopamine (DA) | makes excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials that control movement and posture associated with Parkinson's disease and Schizophrenia |
| Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | regulates anxiety and movement it inhibits the central nervous system |
| Glutamate (Glu) | Major excitatory neurons in the central nervous system plays a role in learning and memory. Associated with memory loss and Alzheimer's disease |
| Norepinephrine (NE) | plays a role in psychological arousal, mood changes, sleep, learning. Associated with Bipolar mood disorder |
| Serotonin (5-HT) | Regulates sleep, mood, appetite, and pain. Associated with depression. |
| Antagonists | drugs that inhibit neurotransmission |
| Agonists | Drugs that stimulate neurotransmission |
| Neuron's threshold | level of stimulation that has to be exceeded for the neuron to fire |
| Reuptake | the process of absorption of the excess neurotransmitters by a sending neuron to neuron |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system PNS | includes the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the muscles and glands |
| Nerves | bundles of neural axons they are part of the PNS |
| Somatic nervous system | division of the PNS that enables voluntary control skeletal muscles is also called the skeletal nervous system |
| Autonomic nervous system | division of PNS it controls internal organs and regulates the automatic behaviors necessary for survival |
| Sympathetic nervous system | division of the PNS arouses the body in stressful situations |
| Parasympathetic | division calms down the body and conserving its energy |
| Endocrine system | glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream |
| Adrenal glands | produce epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| lesion | destruction of tissue to study the brain |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | recording of the waves of the electrical activity of the brain |
| PET scan | measure the levels of the brain by measureing radioactive glucose ingested |
| MRI | measures using magnetic fields and radio waves |
| fMRI | takes MRIs seconds apart to reveal blood flow |
| medulla | controls breathing and heartbeat |
| reticular formation | nerve network that plays a role in arousal |
| thalamus | routes messages in to the correct location in the the brain is located on the brainstem |
| cerebellum | processes sensory input and balance and coordination |
| limbic system | neural system that helps with emotions like fear aggression and basic physiological drive |
| anygdala | part of the limbic system that helps with emotions of fear and agression |
| hypothalamus | regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, and sexual behavior. contains the reward centers of the brain |
| cerebral cortex | interconnected neural cells on top of the cerebral hemispheres. responsible for "what makes us human" |
| glial cells | provides nutrients and insulates myelin also removes access ions and neurotransmitters |
| frontal lobes | involved in speaking and muscles movements also judgement and planning |
| parietal lobes | contains the sensory cortex located between frontal and occipital lobes |
| occipital lobes | contains the visual cortex located at the back and base of brain |
| temporal lobes | contains the auditory cortex located on the sides of the brain |
| motor cortex | located at the back of the frontal lobe controls the voluntary movement |
| sensory cortex | located at the front of the parietal lobes processes body touch and movement |
| Cognitive neuroscience | interdisciplinary field that studies the links between brain activity and cognition |
| Change blindness | when we fail to see changes in the environment |
| circadian rhythm | regular body rhythm such as body temp and sleep it follows a 24 hour cycle |
| Alpha waves | slow brain waves that occur during an awaken state |
| Delta waves | large slow brain waves that occur during deep sleep |
| Narcolepsy | A sleeping disorder in the affected have sleep attacks in which they enter directly into REM sleep |
| Sleep apnea | sleeping disorder in which the affected ceases breathing during sleep |
| manifest content | the remembered story line of a dream |
| latent content | the censored meaning of a dream |
| Barbiturates | depressants sometimes used to induce sleep or reduce anxiety |
| Amphetamines | type of stimulant and speed p body function and neural activity |
| Methamphetamine | addictive substance that speeds up body functions |
| Ecstasty (MDMA) | produces euphoria increases the serotonin levels in the brain |
| LSD | hallucinogen |
| THC | active ingredient in marijuana it is a mild hallucinogen |
