Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Vocab for Chapter 8

Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 08 Vocabulary

TERMDEFINITION
LEARNING A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience.
ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the UCS. Also called Pavlovian conditioning.
BEHAVIORISM The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR) In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS) In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers a response.
CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR) In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS).
CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS) In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response.
ACQUISITION The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengtehing of a reinforced response.
EXTINCTION The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response.
GENERALIZATION The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.
DISCRIMINATION In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
OPERANT CONDITIONING A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminshed if followed by a punisher.
RESPONDENT BEHAVIOR Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning.
OPERANT BEHAVIOR Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences.
LAW OF EFFECT Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.
OPERANT CHAMBER (SKINNER BOX) A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking. Used in operant conditioning research.
SHAPING An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal.
REINFORCER In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
PRIMARY REINFORCER An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need.
CONDITIONED REINFORCER A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as secondary reinforcer.
CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.
PARTIAL (INTERMITTENT) REINFORCEMENT Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.
FIXED-RATIO SCHEDULE In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.
VARIABLE-RATIO SCHEDULE In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.
FIXED-INTERVAL SCHEDULE In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.
VARIABLE-INTERVAL SCHEDULE In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.
PUNISHMENT An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.
COGNITIVE MAP A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.
LATENT LEARNING Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
OVERJUSTIFICATION EFFECT The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do. The person may now see this reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task.
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective.
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING Learning by observing others.
MODELING The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
MIRROR NEURONS Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's actions may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy.
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.
Created by: shellenberger
Popular Psychology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards