Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 08 Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience.
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| show | Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).
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| show | A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the UCS. Also called Pavlovian conditioning.
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| BEHAVIORISM | show 🗑
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| show | In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
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| UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS) | show 🗑
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| show | In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS).
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| show | In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response.
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| ACQUISITION | show 🗑
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| show | The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
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| show | The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response.
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| show | The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.
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| show | In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
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| OPERANT CONDITIONING | show 🗑
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| RESPONDENT BEHAVIOR | show 🗑
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| show | Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences.
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| LAW OF EFFECT | show 🗑
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| OPERANT CHAMBER (SKINNER BOX) | show 🗑
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| show | An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal.
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| show | In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
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| show | An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need.
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| CONDITIONED REINFORCER | show 🗑
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| show | Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.
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| show | Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.
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| FIXED-RATIO SCHEDULE | show 🗑
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| show | In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.
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| FIXED-INTERVAL SCHEDULE | show 🗑
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| show | In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.
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| show | An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.
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| show | A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.
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| LATENT LEARNING | show 🗑
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| show | The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do. The person may now see this reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task.
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| show | A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective.
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| show | A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.
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| OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING | show 🗑
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| show | The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
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| show | Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's actions may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy.
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| PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR | show 🗑
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