| Question | Answer |
| Tx ADHD | Ritalin
(methylphenidate)
CNS Stimulant
PO |
| Tx ADHD | Dexadrine
(dextroamphetamine)
CNS Stimulant
PO |
| GI Stimulant
GERD
Nausea | Reglan
(metroclopramide)
antiemetic
PO, IV, IM |
| GERD
reflux | Prevacid
(lansoprazole)
antiulcer agent
PO |
| Seizures (tonic-clonic)
anticonvulsant | Tegretol
(carbamazepine)
anticonvulsant
antiseizure
PO |
| Seizures (grand mal)
sedative
febrile | Phenobarbitol
anticonvulsant
sedative
PO, IM, IV |
| Tx Asthma
inflammatory allergic response | Prednisone
(corticosteroid)
PO |
| Tx Asthma
inflammatory allergic response | Solu-Medrol
(methylprednisone)
cotocosteroid, anti-inflam
PO,IM,IV,Rect |
| Tx mild pain, fever | Tylenol
(acetominophen)
antipyretic
non-opiod analgesic
PO, Rect |
| Don't use for Peds..
only exception is for 2 types of cardiac issues | Aspirin
(salicylates)
antipyretic, non-opiod analgesic
PO,Rect |
| Enuresis
Diabetes Insipidous | DDAVP
(demopressin)
hormones, antidiuretic
Nasal |
| Antidote for Iron poisinig d/t blood transfusions | Desferal
(deferoxamine)
antidotes
IM, IV, SQ |
| decreases HR
increases myocardial efficiency | Digoxin
(antiarrythmics, gigitalia glycosides, inotropics)
IV, PO |
| Edema from CHF (associated w/cogential heart disease), hepatic or renal disease, HTN | Lasix
(furosemide)
loop diuretic
PO< IM< IV |
| Pancreatic insufficiency assoc w/CF | Pancrease
(pancrelipase)
digestive agent
pancreatic enzyme
PO |
| Nocturia
Enuresis; spina bifida | Ditropan
(oxybutynin)
urinary tract antispasmodic,
anitcholinergics
PO |
| Severe HTN, decreases myocontractibility and O2 demand | Procardia
(nifedipine)
antihypertensive
calcium channel blocker
PO |
| Infections, highly resistant otitis media (given IM if parents non-compliant | Rocephin
(ceftriaxone)
antiinfective
3rd generation Cephalosporin
IM,IV |
| Tx TB (w/other agents)
elimination of meningococcal (bacterial) meningitis | Rifampin
(antitubercular, rifmycins)
PO,IV |
| Tx MRSA, staphylococcal infections, pneumonia, when less toxic agents are contrindicated | Vancomycin
(antiinfective, antibiotics)
IV |
| Tx serious gram (-) infection/staph PCN resistant infection, used in combo w/other agents in mgmt of serious enterococcal infections | Gentamycin
(antiinfetive, aminoglycoside, antibiotic)
IM,IV |
| Chicken pox, shingles, viral infections | Acyclovir
(antiviral, purine analogues)
PO,IV |
| Local anesthetic, prior to minor procedres | EMLA cream
(lodocaine/prilocaine)
anesthtic-topical/local |
| Sedation prior to MRI/Xray | Chloral Hydrate
)sedative)
PO |
| Asthma, prevent exercise induced bronchospasm | Ventolin/Albuterol
(bronchodilator)
PO, INH |
| Increase intravascular fluid, Tx nephrotic syndrome (lose protein in urine)= relief of assoc anemia | Albumin
(volume expander)
IV |
| Increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels = stim of inhibitory system of CNS | Ritalin
(methylphenidate)
CNS Stimulant
PO |
| Increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels = stim of inhibitory system of CNS | Dexadrine
(dextroamphetamine)
CNS Stimulant
PO |
| Stimulates motility of upper GI tract and increases lower esophageal sphincter tone. Blocks dopamine receptors at chemoreceptor trigger zone. | Reglan
(metroclopramide)
antiemetic
PO, IV, IM |
| Binds to enzyme in presence of acidic grastric pH, preventing final transport of hydrogen ions into gastric lumen. Results in decreased accumulation of acid in gastric lumen | Prevacid
(lansoprazole)
antiulcer agent
PO |
| Decreases synaptic transmission in CNS by affecting Na= channels in seizure prevention | Tegretol
(carbamazepine)
anticonvulsant
antiseizure
PO |
| Prod all levels of CNS depression. Depresses sensory cortex, motor activity, alter cerebellar fx. Raisese siezure threshold, can speed up enzymes in liver that metab drugs, bilirubin, etc. | Phenobarbitol
anticonvulsant
sedative
PO, IM, IV |
| Suppress inflammation and normal immune response | Prednisone
(corticosteroid)
PO |
| Suppress inflammation and normal immune response | Solu-Medrol
(methylprednisone)
cotocosteroid, anti-inflam
PO,IM,IV,Rect |
| Inhibits sythesis of prostaglandins that serve as mediators of pain and fever in CNS. No sigif anti-inflam action or GI toxicity | Tylenol
(acetominophen)
antipyretic
non-opiod analgesic
PO, Rect |
| Produces analgesia, reduces inflammation and fever by inhibition production of prostaglandins, also decreases platelet aggregation | Aspirin
(salicylates)
antipyretic, non-opiod analgesic
PO,Rect |
| Analogue of anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) | DDAVP
(demopressin)
hormones, antidiuretic
Nasal |
| Chelates unbound iron, forming a water-soluble complex that is easily excreted by the kidneys. | Desferal
(deferoxamine)
antidotes
IM, IV, SQ |
| Increases the force of myocardial contraction. Prolongs refractory period in AV node, increases CO and slows HR | Digoxin
(antiarrythmics, gigitalia glycosides, inotropics)
IV, PO |
| Blocks reabsorption of Na+ and H20 in proximal renal tubule and interferes w/reabsorption of Na+ | Lasix
(furosemide)
loop diuretic
PO< IM< IV |
| Contains lipolytic, amolytic, proteolytic activity. Increases digestion of fats, carbs, and protein in GI tract | Pancrease
(pancrelipase)
digestive agent
pancreatic enzyme
PO |
| Direct spasmolytic action (stimulates CNS to stimulate smooth muscle) on smooth muscle, including lining of GU tract | Ditropan
(oxybutynin)
urinary tract antispasmodic,
anitcholinergics
PO |
| Relaxes smooth muscle causing arteriolar vasodilation, decreases peripheral vascular resistance | Procardia
(nifedipine)
antihypertensive
calcium channel blocker
PO |
| Bind to bacterial cell wall membrance causing cell death. Bactericidal action | Rocephin
(ceftriaxone)
antiinfective
3rd generation Cephalosporin
IM,IV |
| Inhibits RNA synthesis by bocking RNA transcription in susceptible organisms + bactericidal action | Rifampin
(antitubercular, rifmycins)
PO,IV |
| Bind to bacterial wall = cell death | Vancomycin
(antiinfective, antibiotics)
IV |
| Inhibit protein synthesis at level of 30S ribosome (bactericidal) | (Gentamycin
antiinfetive, aminoglycoside, antibiotic)
IM,IV |
| Interferes w/viral DNA synthesis | Acyclovir
(antiviral, purine analogues)
PO,IV |
| Inhibits transport of ions across neural membranes; prevent initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses | EMLA cream
(lodocaine/prilocaine)
anesthtic-topical/local |
| Acts at many levels of CNS to produce anxiolytic effect; depress CNS=sedation, relief of anxiety | Chloral Hydrate
)sedative)
PO |
| Bronchodilator, relaxes smooth muscle in airways | Ventolin/Albuterol
(bronchodilator)
PO, INH |
| Provides collodial oncotic pressure, which serves to metabolize fluid from extravascular tissues back into intravascular space. Requires concurrent admin of appropriate crystalloid | Albumin
(volume expander)
IV |
| Ritalin (methylphenidate)CNS Stimulant PO | MOnitor ht/wt, BP, nutrtional status. Teach to take in the AM for max effectiveness in school and decreased insomnia periods. Give w/meal if appetite decreased. Teach structure, consistency, drug holidays |
| Dexadrine(dextroamphetamine)CNS Stimulant PO | MOnitor ht/wt, BP, nutrtional status. Teach to take in the AM for max effectiveness in school and decreased insomnia periods. Give w/meal if appetite decreased. Teach structure, consistency, drug holidays. USE LOWEST effective dose |
| Reglan(metroclopramide)antiemetic PO, IV, IM | Monitor bowel sounds, use w/caution if Hx of depression, HTN |
| Prevacid(lansoprazole)antiulcer agent PO | Admin before meals at set time Q/day, may sprinkle med on applesauce, pudding, cottage cheese, yogurt. Look for and report S/S jaundice |
| Tegretol(carbamazepine)anticonvulsant antiseizure PO | Assess frequency, location, duration and characteristics of seizure activity. Have pt report fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers, easy bruising, unusual bleeding, dark urine pale stools, jaundice immediately. Do not stop med abruptly |
| Phenobarbitol anticonvulsant sedative PO, IM, IV | Monitor respirator status, BP, pulse esp w/IV admin. Respiratory depression is dose dependent. Assess location duration, characteristics of seizure activity. Do not stop med abruptly. |
| Prednisone(corticosteroid)PO | Keep away from highly populated areas to decrese risk of exposure to infections (playroom). Avoid vaccines w/o consulting MD 1st. Instruct to notify is severe abd pain, tarry stools, unusual wt. gain, tiredness, bone pain, nonhealing sores, and visual di |
| Solu-Medrol(methylprednisone)cotocosteroid, anti-inflam PO,IM,IV,Rect | Keep away from highly populated areas to decrese risk of exposure to infections (playroom). Avoid vaccines w/o consulting MD 1st. Instruct to notify is severe abd pain, tarry stools, unusual wt. gain, tiredness, bone pain, nonhealing sores, and visual di |
| Tylenol(acetominophen)antipyretic non-opiod analgesic PO, Rect | Assess pain, fever. Monitor for S/S hepatotoxicity due to overdose. Teach parents about infant drops and syrup. DROPS ARE 10X CONCENTRATION OF SYRUP |
| Aspirin(salicylates)antipyretic, non-opiod analgesic PO,Rect | DON'T give for fever assoc w/virus, influenza, chickenpox -Reye's Syndome! Monitor level periodically w/prolonged high dose therapy, esp kids w/ Kawasaki's. Monitor for S/S toxicity = tinnitus, HA, hyperventilation, agitation, mental confusion, lethargy |
| DDAVP(demopressin)hormones, antidiuretic Nasal | Intranasal irritating to tissue. Monitor freq of enuresis throughout therapy |
| Desferal (deferoxamine)antidotes IM, IV, SQ | IV or SQ over evening hours |
| Digoxin(antiarrythmics, gigitalia glycosides, inotropics)IV, PO | Measure HR (apical 1 full minute) before admin. DO NOT GIVE IF <80 child or <100 infant |
| Lasix(furosemide)loop diuretic PO< IM< IV | Watch labs, monitor I/O's, listen to lung sounds, monitor for dehydration. Encourage food high in K+ |
| Pancrease(pancrelipase)digestive agent pancreatic enzyme PO | Give w/ or before meals. Can open capsule and sprinkle on foods. Med destroyed by acid. Use w/sodium bicarb or antacids. Pt should follow diet high in calorie, protein, and low in fat. |
| Ditropan(oxybutynin)urinary tract antispasmodic, anitcholinergics PO | Monitor voiding pattern; assess for bladder distention; safety NOT established in kids <5yo |
| Procardia(nifedipine)antihypertensive calcium channel blocker PO | Monitor BP, pulse. Monitor ECG periodically for prolonged use, I/O's. Assess for signs of CHF. Pt on Digoxin concurently should be monitored for dig level routinely. COmes in XR capsule -open and give SL if necessary. |
| Rocephin(ceftriaxone)antiinfective 3rd generation Cephalosporin IM,IV | Obtain cultures. Asses for Hx of PCN. Observe for s/s anaphylaxis. ***Unique med that can be given in 24 hour single dose IM or IV |
| Rifampin(antitubercular, rifmycins)PO,IV | Administer on empty stomach (1hour before/2hrafter meal) w/full glass of water. May admin w/food if GI upset. |
| Vancomycin(antiinfective, antibiotics)IV | Irritating to tissues - monitor IV site. Assess bowel status. Evaluate ototoxicity (8th cranial), kidney function. Children ,2yr are esp at risk for fatal hepatotoxicity
Give over 1-2 hours |
| Gentamycin antiinfetive, aminoglycoside, antibiotic)IM,IV | Obtain cultures. Monitor peak and trough levels. Evaluate for ototoxicity, I/O's for hydration status and renal function |
| Acyclovir (antiviral, purine analogues)PO,IV | Keep adequately hydrated, topical products not approved for Pedi use |
| EMLA cream(lodocaine/prilocaine)anesthtic-topical/local | Do not put on open sores, contraindicated infants ,6mos who are receiveing methemoglobin-inducing agents. Use cautiously in pts ,20kg or 37 weeks. Apply 1-2 hours before procedure |
| Chloral Hydrate )sedative)PO | Monitor RR, pulse ox, given PO 60 min prior to procedure. Monitor VS during therapy |
| Ventolin/Albuterol(bronchodilator)PO, INH | Assess lungs, observe for paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing) If present, stop med and call MD. Place in puffer, aerosol, does come in liquid form. |
| Albumin(volume expander)IV | Assess s/s vascular overload (rales/crackles, HTN, juglar sistention), monitor Hgb/Hct, VS, I/O, hydration status |
| Ritalin (methylphenidate)CNS Stimulant PO | Anorexia, HTN, tach, growth retardation, insomnia, nervouseness, decreased appetite |
| Dexadrine(dextroamphetamine)CNS Stimulant PO | Hyperactivity, insomnia, restless, tremor, depression, palpitatons, tach, anorexia, dry mouth, N/V, metallic taste, HTN, dependence |
| Reglan(metroclopramide)antiemetic PO, IV, IM | Restless, anxious, drowsy, fatigue, suicidal ideation, diarrhea, urinary freq, neutropenia, rash, tremors, mouth swelling, EPS, tradive diskinesia |
| Prevacid(lansoprazole)antiulcer agent PO | Dizziness, HA, diarrhea, abd pain, nausea, fatigue, GI bleed |
| Tegretol(carbamazepine)anticonvulsant antiseizure PO | Blurred vision, agranulocytosis, aplstic anemia, dizziness, leukocytopenia, fatigue, atxia, dry mouth, hypotension, rash, syncope, urinary hesitancy, LOC decreased WBC, GI upset |
| Phenobarbitol anticonvulsant sedative PO, IM, IV | Drowsiness, depressed respiratory system, vomiting. fever, CNS hangover, delirium, depression, hypotension, constipation, diarrhea, N/V |
| Prednisone(corticosteroid)PO | DecreaSed wound healing, muscle wasting, stomach ulcers, weight gain (fluid retention), hunger, cushingold,increased hair, mood swings, depression, euphoria, HA, HTN, anorexia, acne, N/V, hypokalemia, intense metabolic effects, INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO |
| Solu-Medrol(methylprednisone)cotocosteroid, anti-inflam PO,IM,IV,Rect | DecreaSed wound healing, muscle wasting, stomach ulcers, weight gain (fluid retention), hunger, cushingold,increased hair, mood swings, depression, euphoria, HA, HTN, anorexia, acne, N/V, hypokalemia, intense metabolic effects, INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO |
| Tylenol(acetominophen)antipyretic non-opiod analgesic PO, Rect | Hepatic failure, hapatotoxicity, renal failure (high/chronic use) rash |
| Aspirin(salicylates)antipyretic, non-opiod analgesic PO,Rect | GI bleed, bleeding general, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, heartburn, nausea, anorexia, hemolysis, increased bleeding time |
| DDAVP(demopressin)hormones, antidiuretic Nasal | Hypernatremia, water toxicity (FVE), drowsiness, HA, listlessness, rhinitis, HTN, vulval pain |
| Desferal (deferoxamine)antidotes IM, IV, SQ | Red urine (can stain), anemia, diarrhea, erythema, hypotension, tachy, abd pain, leg cramps, ototoxicity |
| Digoxin(antiarrythmics, gigitalia glycosides, inotropics)IV, PO | S/S of dig toxicity- halo effect, fatigue, arrythmias, anorexia, hypokalemia, N/V, brady, prolonged P-R-T interval. FVE |
| Lasix(furosemide)loop diuretic PO< IM< IV | Hyponatremia, hpovolemia, muscle cramps, electrolyte imbalance. Causes excretion of K+ and chloride, N/V, diarrheas, ototoxicity, dermatitis, postural hypotension |
| Pancrease(pancrelipase)digestive agent pancreatic enzyme PO | Diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, nasal stuffiness, dyspnea, SOB, abd pain, hematura, hives |
| Ditropan(oxybutynin)urinary tract antispasmodic, anticholinergics PO | Dry mouth, dizziess, weakness, blurred vision, N/V, urinary retention, tach, allergic rx, photophobia, contipation |
| Procardia(nifedipine)antihypertensive calcium channel blocker PO | HA, blurred vision, tinnitus, fainting, hypotension, diarrhea, dry mouth, N/V, nocturia, polyuria, increased sweating, wt. gain, muscle cramps, flushing |
| Rocephin(ceftriaxone)antiinfective 3rd generation Cephalosporin IM,IV | Seizures (high doses), pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, N/V, cramps, yeast infection, thrush, serum sickness |
| Rifampin(antitubercular, rifmycins)PO,IV | Red discoloration body fluids, adb pain, diarrhea, flatulence, heartburn, N/V, loss of appetite, Jaundice |
| Vancomycin(antiinfective, antibiotics)IV | Nephrotoxicity, "RED NECK" syndrome, ototoxicity, phlebitis, anaphylaxis, N/V, back and neck pain, hypotension |
| Gentamycin antiinfetive, aminoglycoside, antibiotic)IM,IV | Nephrotoxicity,ototoxicity, impaired renal function |
| Acyclovir (antiviral, purine analogues)PO,IV | Seizures, renal failure, HA, diarrhea, N/V, pain, phlebitis, trembling, bleeding |
| EMLA cream(lodocaine/prilocaine)anesthtic-topical/local | Blanching, redness,itching, edema, alt in temp sensation |
| Chloral Hydrate )sedative)PO | sleepiness, depressed respirations, drowsiness, hangover, pain at IM site, constipation, N/V, diarrhea |
| Ventolin/Albuterol(bronchodilator)PO, INH | Tachy, excitement insomnia, nervous, restless, tremor, chest pain, palpitaions |
| Albumin(volume expander)IV | same as blood transfusion rx (fever, chills, low back pain), HA, fluid overload, HTN, hypotension, tachy, increased salivation,rash, N/V |
