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Pharm
Pediatric
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tx ADHD | Ritalin (methylphenidate) CNS Stimulant PO |
| Tx ADHD | Dexadrine (dextroamphetamine) CNS Stimulant PO |
| GI Stimulant GERD Nausea | Reglan (metroclopramide) antiemetic PO, IV, IM |
| GERD reflux | Prevacid (lansoprazole) antiulcer agent PO |
| Seizures (tonic-clonic) anticonvulsant | Tegretol (carbamazepine) anticonvulsant antiseizure PO |
| Seizures (grand mal) sedative febrile | Phenobarbitol anticonvulsant sedative PO, IM, IV |
| Tx Asthma inflammatory allergic response | Prednisone (corticosteroid) PO |
| Tx Asthma inflammatory allergic response | Solu-Medrol (methylprednisone) cotocosteroid, anti-inflam PO,IM,IV,Rect |
| Tx mild pain, fever | Tylenol (acetominophen) antipyretic non-opiod analgesic PO, Rect |
| Don't use for Peds.. only exception is for 2 types of cardiac issues | Aspirin (salicylates) antipyretic, non-opiod analgesic PO,Rect |
| Enuresis Diabetes Insipidous | DDAVP (demopressin) hormones, antidiuretic Nasal |
| Antidote for Iron poisinig d/t blood transfusions | Desferal (deferoxamine) antidotes IM, IV, SQ |
| decreases HR increases myocardial efficiency | Digoxin (antiarrythmics, gigitalia glycosides, inotropics) IV, PO |
| Edema from CHF (associated w/cogential heart disease), hepatic or renal disease, HTN | Lasix (furosemide) loop diuretic PO< IM< IV |
| Pancreatic insufficiency assoc w/CF | Pancrease (pancrelipase) digestive agent pancreatic enzyme PO |
| Nocturia Enuresis; spina bifida | Ditropan (oxybutynin) urinary tract antispasmodic, anitcholinergics PO |
| Severe HTN, decreases myocontractibility and O2 demand | Procardia (nifedipine) antihypertensive calcium channel blocker PO |
| Infections, highly resistant otitis media (given IM if parents non-compliant | Rocephin (ceftriaxone) antiinfective 3rd generation Cephalosporin IM,IV |
| Tx TB (w/other agents) elimination of meningococcal (bacterial) meningitis | Rifampin (antitubercular, rifmycins) PO,IV |
| Tx MRSA, staphylococcal infections, pneumonia, when less toxic agents are contrindicated | Vancomycin (antiinfective, antibiotics) IV |
| Tx serious gram (-) infection/staph PCN resistant infection, used in combo w/other agents in mgmt of serious enterococcal infections | Gentamycin (antiinfetive, aminoglycoside, antibiotic) IM,IV |
| Chicken pox, shingles, viral infections | Acyclovir (antiviral, purine analogues) PO,IV |
| Local anesthetic, prior to minor procedres | EMLA cream (lodocaine/prilocaine) anesthtic-topical/local |
| Sedation prior to MRI/Xray | Chloral Hydrate )sedative) PO |
| Asthma, prevent exercise induced bronchospasm | Ventolin/Albuterol (bronchodilator) PO, INH |
| Increase intravascular fluid, Tx nephrotic syndrome (lose protein in urine)= relief of assoc anemia | Albumin (volume expander) IV |
| Increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels = stim of inhibitory system of CNS | Ritalin (methylphenidate) CNS Stimulant PO |
| Increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels = stim of inhibitory system of CNS | Dexadrine (dextroamphetamine) CNS Stimulant PO |
| Stimulates motility of upper GI tract and increases lower esophageal sphincter tone. Blocks dopamine receptors at chemoreceptor trigger zone. | Reglan (metroclopramide) antiemetic PO, IV, IM |
| Binds to enzyme in presence of acidic grastric pH, preventing final transport of hydrogen ions into gastric lumen. Results in decreased accumulation of acid in gastric lumen | Prevacid (lansoprazole) antiulcer agent PO |
| Decreases synaptic transmission in CNS by affecting Na= channels in seizure prevention | Tegretol (carbamazepine) anticonvulsant antiseizure PO |
| Prod all levels of CNS depression. Depresses sensory cortex, motor activity, alter cerebellar fx. Raisese siezure threshold, can speed up enzymes in liver that metab drugs, bilirubin, etc. | Phenobarbitol anticonvulsant sedative PO, IM, IV |
| Suppress inflammation and normal immune response | Prednisone (corticosteroid) PO |
| Suppress inflammation and normal immune response | Solu-Medrol (methylprednisone) cotocosteroid, anti-inflam PO,IM,IV,Rect |
| Inhibits sythesis of prostaglandins that serve as mediators of pain and fever in CNS. No sigif anti-inflam action or GI toxicity | Tylenol (acetominophen) antipyretic non-opiod analgesic PO, Rect |
| Produces analgesia, reduces inflammation and fever by inhibition production of prostaglandins, also decreases platelet aggregation | Aspirin (salicylates) antipyretic, non-opiod analgesic PO,Rect |
| Analogue of anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) | DDAVP (demopressin) hormones, antidiuretic Nasal |
| Chelates unbound iron, forming a water-soluble complex that is easily excreted by the kidneys. | Desferal (deferoxamine) antidotes IM, IV, SQ |
| Increases the force of myocardial contraction. Prolongs refractory period in AV node, increases CO and slows HR | Digoxin (antiarrythmics, gigitalia glycosides, inotropics) IV, PO |
| Blocks reabsorption of Na+ and H20 in proximal renal tubule and interferes w/reabsorption of Na+ | Lasix (furosemide) loop diuretic PO< IM< IV |
| Contains lipolytic, amolytic, proteolytic activity. Increases digestion of fats, carbs, and protein in GI tract | Pancrease (pancrelipase) digestive agent pancreatic enzyme PO |
| Direct spasmolytic action (stimulates CNS to stimulate smooth muscle) on smooth muscle, including lining of GU tract | Ditropan (oxybutynin) urinary tract antispasmodic, anitcholinergics PO |
| Relaxes smooth muscle causing arteriolar vasodilation, decreases peripheral vascular resistance | Procardia (nifedipine) antihypertensive calcium channel blocker PO |
| Bind to bacterial cell wall membrance causing cell death. Bactericidal action | Rocephin (ceftriaxone) antiinfective 3rd generation Cephalosporin IM,IV |
| Inhibits RNA synthesis by bocking RNA transcription in susceptible organisms + bactericidal action | Rifampin (antitubercular, rifmycins) PO,IV |
| Bind to bacterial wall = cell death | Vancomycin (antiinfective, antibiotics) IV |
| Inhibit protein synthesis at level of 30S ribosome (bactericidal) | (Gentamycin antiinfetive, aminoglycoside, antibiotic) IM,IV |
| Interferes w/viral DNA synthesis | Acyclovir (antiviral, purine analogues) PO,IV |
| Inhibits transport of ions across neural membranes; prevent initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses | EMLA cream (lodocaine/prilocaine) anesthtic-topical/local |
| Acts at many levels of CNS to produce anxiolytic effect; depress CNS=sedation, relief of anxiety | Chloral Hydrate )sedative) PO |
| Bronchodilator, relaxes smooth muscle in airways | Ventolin/Albuterol (bronchodilator) PO, INH |
| Provides collodial oncotic pressure, which serves to metabolize fluid from extravascular tissues back into intravascular space. Requires concurrent admin of appropriate crystalloid | Albumin (volume expander) IV |
| Ritalin (methylphenidate)CNS Stimulant PO | MOnitor ht/wt, BP, nutrtional status. Teach to take in the AM for max effectiveness in school and decreased insomnia periods. Give w/meal if appetite decreased. Teach structure, consistency, drug holidays |
| Dexadrine(dextroamphetamine)CNS Stimulant PO | MOnitor ht/wt, BP, nutrtional status. Teach to take in the AM for max effectiveness in school and decreased insomnia periods. Give w/meal if appetite decreased. Teach structure, consistency, drug holidays. USE LOWEST effective dose |
| Reglan(metroclopramide)antiemetic PO, IV, IM | Monitor bowel sounds, use w/caution if Hx of depression, HTN |
| Prevacid(lansoprazole)antiulcer agent PO | Admin before meals at set time Q/day, may sprinkle med on applesauce, pudding, cottage cheese, yogurt. Look for and report S/S jaundice |
| Tegretol(carbamazepine)anticonvulsant antiseizure PO | Assess frequency, location, duration and characteristics of seizure activity. Have pt report fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers, easy bruising, unusual bleeding, dark urine pale stools, jaundice immediately. Do not stop med abruptly |
| Phenobarbitol anticonvulsant sedative PO, IM, IV | Monitor respirator status, BP, pulse esp w/IV admin. Respiratory depression is dose dependent. Assess location duration, characteristics of seizure activity. Do not stop med abruptly. |
| Prednisone(corticosteroid)PO | Keep away from highly populated areas to decrese risk of exposure to infections (playroom). Avoid vaccines w/o consulting MD 1st. Instruct to notify is severe abd pain, tarry stools, unusual wt. gain, tiredness, bone pain, nonhealing sores, and visual di |
| Solu-Medrol(methylprednisone)cotocosteroid, anti-inflam PO,IM,IV,Rect | Keep away from highly populated areas to decrese risk of exposure to infections (playroom). Avoid vaccines w/o consulting MD 1st. Instruct to notify is severe abd pain, tarry stools, unusual wt. gain, tiredness, bone pain, nonhealing sores, and visual di |
| Tylenol(acetominophen)antipyretic non-opiod analgesic PO, Rect | Assess pain, fever. Monitor for S/S hepatotoxicity due to overdose. Teach parents about infant drops and syrup. DROPS ARE 10X CONCENTRATION OF SYRUP |
| Aspirin(salicylates)antipyretic, non-opiod analgesic PO,Rect | DON'T give for fever assoc w/virus, influenza, chickenpox -Reye's Syndome! Monitor level periodically w/prolonged high dose therapy, esp kids w/ Kawasaki's. Monitor for S/S toxicity = tinnitus, HA, hyperventilation, agitation, mental confusion, lethargy |
| DDAVP(demopressin)hormones, antidiuretic Nasal | Intranasal irritating to tissue. Monitor freq of enuresis throughout therapy |
| Desferal (deferoxamine)antidotes IM, IV, SQ | IV or SQ over evening hours |
| Digoxin(antiarrythmics, gigitalia glycosides, inotropics)IV, PO | Measure HR (apical 1 full minute) before admin. DO NOT GIVE IF <80 child or <100 infant |
| Lasix(furosemide)loop diuretic PO< IM< IV | Watch labs, monitor I/O's, listen to lung sounds, monitor for dehydration. Encourage food high in K+ |
| Pancrease(pancrelipase)digestive agent pancreatic enzyme PO | Give w/ or before meals. Can open capsule and sprinkle on foods. Med destroyed by acid. Use w/sodium bicarb or antacids. Pt should follow diet high in calorie, protein, and low in fat. |
| Ditropan(oxybutynin)urinary tract antispasmodic, anitcholinergics PO | Monitor voiding pattern; assess for bladder distention; safety NOT established in kids <5yo |
| Procardia(nifedipine)antihypertensive calcium channel blocker PO | Monitor BP, pulse. Monitor ECG periodically for prolonged use, I/O's. Assess for signs of CHF. Pt on Digoxin concurently should be monitored for dig level routinely. COmes in XR capsule -open and give SL if necessary. |
| Rocephin(ceftriaxone)antiinfective 3rd generation Cephalosporin IM,IV | Obtain cultures. Asses for Hx of PCN. Observe for s/s anaphylaxis. ***Unique med that can be given in 24 hour single dose IM or IV |
| Rifampin(antitubercular, rifmycins)PO,IV | Administer on empty stomach (1hour before/2hrafter meal) w/full glass of water. May admin w/food if GI upset. |
| Vancomycin(antiinfective, antibiotics)IV | Irritating to tissues - monitor IV site. Assess bowel status. Evaluate ototoxicity (8th cranial), kidney function. Children ,2yr are esp at risk for fatal hepatotoxicity Give over 1-2 hours |
| Gentamycin antiinfetive, aminoglycoside, antibiotic)IM,IV | Obtain cultures. Monitor peak and trough levels. Evaluate for ototoxicity, I/O's for hydration status and renal function |
| Acyclovir (antiviral, purine analogues)PO,IV | Keep adequately hydrated, topical products not approved for Pedi use |
| EMLA cream(lodocaine/prilocaine)anesthtic-topical/local | Do not put on open sores, contraindicated infants ,6mos who are receiveing methemoglobin-inducing agents. Use cautiously in pts ,20kg or 37 weeks. Apply 1-2 hours before procedure |
| Chloral Hydrate )sedative)PO | Monitor RR, pulse ox, given PO 60 min prior to procedure. Monitor VS during therapy |
| Ventolin/Albuterol(bronchodilator)PO, INH | Assess lungs, observe for paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing) If present, stop med and call MD. Place in puffer, aerosol, does come in liquid form. |
| Albumin(volume expander)IV | Assess s/s vascular overload (rales/crackles, HTN, juglar sistention), monitor Hgb/Hct, VS, I/O, hydration status |
| Ritalin (methylphenidate)CNS Stimulant PO | Anorexia, HTN, tach, growth retardation, insomnia, nervouseness, decreased appetite |
| Dexadrine(dextroamphetamine)CNS Stimulant PO | Hyperactivity, insomnia, restless, tremor, depression, palpitatons, tach, anorexia, dry mouth, N/V, metallic taste, HTN, dependence |
| Reglan(metroclopramide)antiemetic PO, IV, IM | Restless, anxious, drowsy, fatigue, suicidal ideation, diarrhea, urinary freq, neutropenia, rash, tremors, mouth swelling, EPS, tradive diskinesia |
| Prevacid(lansoprazole)antiulcer agent PO | Dizziness, HA, diarrhea, abd pain, nausea, fatigue, GI bleed |
| Tegretol(carbamazepine)anticonvulsant antiseizure PO | Blurred vision, agranulocytosis, aplstic anemia, dizziness, leukocytopenia, fatigue, atxia, dry mouth, hypotension, rash, syncope, urinary hesitancy, LOC decreased WBC, GI upset |
| Phenobarbitol anticonvulsant sedative PO, IM, IV | Drowsiness, depressed respiratory system, vomiting. fever, CNS hangover, delirium, depression, hypotension, constipation, diarrhea, N/V |
| Prednisone(corticosteroid)PO | DecreaSed wound healing, muscle wasting, stomach ulcers, weight gain (fluid retention), hunger, cushingold,increased hair, mood swings, depression, euphoria, HA, HTN, anorexia, acne, N/V, hypokalemia, intense metabolic effects, INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO |
| Solu-Medrol(methylprednisone)cotocosteroid, anti-inflam PO,IM,IV,Rect | DecreaSed wound healing, muscle wasting, stomach ulcers, weight gain (fluid retention), hunger, cushingold,increased hair, mood swings, depression, euphoria, HA, HTN, anorexia, acne, N/V, hypokalemia, intense metabolic effects, INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO |
| Tylenol(acetominophen)antipyretic non-opiod analgesic PO, Rect | Hepatic failure, hapatotoxicity, renal failure (high/chronic use) rash |
| Aspirin(salicylates)antipyretic, non-opiod analgesic PO,Rect | GI bleed, bleeding general, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, heartburn, nausea, anorexia, hemolysis, increased bleeding time |
| DDAVP(demopressin)hormones, antidiuretic Nasal | Hypernatremia, water toxicity (FVE), drowsiness, HA, listlessness, rhinitis, HTN, vulval pain |
| Desferal (deferoxamine)antidotes IM, IV, SQ | Red urine (can stain), anemia, diarrhea, erythema, hypotension, tachy, abd pain, leg cramps, ototoxicity |
| Digoxin(antiarrythmics, gigitalia glycosides, inotropics)IV, PO | S/S of dig toxicity- halo effect, fatigue, arrythmias, anorexia, hypokalemia, N/V, brady, prolonged P-R-T interval. FVE |
| Lasix(furosemide)loop diuretic PO< IM< IV | Hyponatremia, hpovolemia, muscle cramps, electrolyte imbalance. Causes excretion of K+ and chloride, N/V, diarrheas, ototoxicity, dermatitis, postural hypotension |
| Pancrease(pancrelipase)digestive agent pancreatic enzyme PO | Diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, nasal stuffiness, dyspnea, SOB, abd pain, hematura, hives |
| Ditropan(oxybutynin)urinary tract antispasmodic, anticholinergics PO | Dry mouth, dizziess, weakness, blurred vision, N/V, urinary retention, tach, allergic rx, photophobia, contipation |
| Procardia(nifedipine)antihypertensive calcium channel blocker PO | HA, blurred vision, tinnitus, fainting, hypotension, diarrhea, dry mouth, N/V, nocturia, polyuria, increased sweating, wt. gain, muscle cramps, flushing |
| Rocephin(ceftriaxone)antiinfective 3rd generation Cephalosporin IM,IV | Seizures (high doses), pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, N/V, cramps, yeast infection, thrush, serum sickness |
| Rifampin(antitubercular, rifmycins)PO,IV | Red discoloration body fluids, adb pain, diarrhea, flatulence, heartburn, N/V, loss of appetite, Jaundice |
| Vancomycin(antiinfective, antibiotics)IV | Nephrotoxicity, "RED NECK" syndrome, ototoxicity, phlebitis, anaphylaxis, N/V, back and neck pain, hypotension |
| Gentamycin antiinfetive, aminoglycoside, antibiotic)IM,IV | Nephrotoxicity,ototoxicity, impaired renal function |
| Acyclovir (antiviral, purine analogues)PO,IV | Seizures, renal failure, HA, diarrhea, N/V, pain, phlebitis, trembling, bleeding |
| EMLA cream(lodocaine/prilocaine)anesthtic-topical/local | Blanching, redness,itching, edema, alt in temp sensation |
| Chloral Hydrate )sedative)PO | sleepiness, depressed respirations, drowsiness, hangover, pain at IM site, constipation, N/V, diarrhea |
| Ventolin/Albuterol(bronchodilator)PO, INH | Tachy, excitement insomnia, nervous, restless, tremor, chest pain, palpitaions |
| Albumin(volume expander)IV | same as blood transfusion rx (fever, chills, low back pain), HA, fluid overload, HTN, hypotension, tachy, increased salivation,rash, N/V |
Created by:
tweedledee
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