| Question | Answer |
| Anti-infective drugs- | either slowing the spread of or killing infectious agents.
Examples:
antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics, and antiviral drugs. |
| Antibiotics- | drugs that kill or injure bacteria (one-celled microorganisms). |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotics- | effective against many different kinds of bacteria |
| Penicillin- | a distinct class of antibiotics that is commonly prescribed to treat a variety of infections and sometimes combined with other drugs to improve effectiveness. |
| amoxicillin | type of penicillin
Amoxil (first line of treatment for ear infections) |
| amoxicillin/clavulanate | combination drug (pencillin)
Augmentin (given if resistant to Amoxil) |
| Cephalosporins- | a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are similar to penicillin but are used on strains of bacteria that have become resistant to penicillin. 5 Generations . 10% chance to have a reaction if they are allergic to penicillin. |
| cefazolin | type of cephalosporin
Ancef (IV only, commonly prescribed for pre-op) |
| cephalexin | type of cephalosporin
Keflex (oral, used for skin infections, bit by something) |
| cefepime | type of cephalosporin
Maxipime (IV only, hospital setting to treat pneumonia) |
| Macrolides- | reduce production of proteins, which bacteria need to survive, and this slows the growth of or even kills the bacteria. |
| azithromycin | type of macrolide
Zithromax (oral, IV, Z-Pack) |
| Lincosamides- | work similar to macrolides
Ex. clindamycin (Cleocin) |
| Macrolides- | Primarily prescribed to treat pulmonary infections
Can be used in penicillin allergic patients |
| Tetracyclines- | broad-spectrum (increase bacterial resistance) been around a long time |
| doxycycline | type of Tetracycline
(Vibramycin) for Lyme’s Disease |
| tetracycline | type of Tetracycline
(Sumycin)-treatment of acne, hard on stomach |
| Quinolones- | broad-spectrum antibiotics that work on bacteria by disrupting bacterial DNA, and therefore replication. |
| Quinolones- | Drug of choice- ophthalmic infections, upper respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, some sexually |
| ciprofloxacin | type of Quinolone
Cipro |
| levofloxacin | type of Quinolone
Levaquin |
| gentamicin | Garamycin
Serious infections and must be administered intravenously (IV)
Must be monitored and could cause hearing loss |
| vancomycin “drug of last resort” | Vancocin
Toxic antibiotic used to treat serious infections that are not responsive to other antibiotics |
| linezolid “drug of last last resort” | Zyvox
To treat serious infections that are resistant to vancomycin |
| Antiviral agents- | to treat viral infections
Typically does not kill all of the virus (lessen symptoms and shortens outbreak) |
| Antiretrovirals- | entire class of antivirals to treat HIV
Ex. zidovudine (Retrovir) |
| acyclovir | an antiviral agent
Zovirax
treats herpes infection (IV, ora) |
| amantadine | an antiviral agent
Symmetrel
used as a treatment or prophylaxis against influenza type A virus (ONLY) |
| oseltamivir | an antiviral agent
Tamiflu
used as a treatment or prophylaxis against influenza |
| Antifungal agents- | to treat fungal infections
Ex. athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm, dandruff and yeast infections |
| nystatin – treats thrush | an antifungal agent
Mycostatin (Powder, Cream, Oral suspension) |
| clotrimazole | an antifungal agent
Lotrimin, Mycelex (Athlete’s foot, jock itch) |
| fluconazole | an antifungal agent
Diflucan (PO, IV) |
| Cytotoxic Drugs Common Side Effects- | nausea/vomiting, hair loss, pain, and fatigue |
| Cytotoxic Drugs- | kill or damage normal healthy cells
used in chemotherapy to treat cancer (antineoplastics)
used as immunosuppressives in the treatment of HIV or to prevent rejection of transplanted organs |
| methotrexate | a cytotoxic drug
Trexall (tablet or IV, IM)
other non-chemo indications (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, ectopic pregnancy |
| Corticosteroids- | similar to cortisol, a hormone naturally produced in the adrenal glands and prescribed in tapering doses |
| Prolong use of Corticosteroids can cause... | adrenal suppression (body quits making cortisol). |
| Corticosteroids treat: | prevents organ rejection in transplant patients
arthritis (juvenile, rheumatoid)
inflammation, rash
lupus
ankylosing spondylitis
inflammatory bowel disease
Addison disease
scleroderma
asthma
Crohn disease |
| prednisone | a corticosteroid
Deltasone (allergic reaction or really sick ) |
| dexamethasone | a corticosteroid
Decadron (IV and oral in hospital) |
| cortisone | a corticosteroid
Cortone Acetate (knee injection) |
