| Term | Definition |
| race is a... | social construct and category; it is not biological |
| race is used to... | create, define and reinforce stereotypes |
| how do we classify someone as being white | the definition of race is always changing - therefore, there is no "definite" way to classify someone as being white |
| our culture determines... | how we think about and consider race |
| culture and time influences our... | perceptions of race and beliefs about groups |
| what does it mean to be heterosexual in our society? | you are a part of the majority, you are seen as more accepted/acceptable |
| being heterosexual in our society is considered... | privilege |
| what does it mean to be white in our society? | white people often have more privilege |
| white/group/male privilege | a system of unearned advantages based on one's social category |
| drapetomania | coined by Dr. Samuel Cartwright in 1850 - slaves that ran away from bondage were seen as mentally ill |
| internal attribution | easy to blame other people when negative things have happened to you/those around you |
| privilege is most invisible to... | the privileged |
| denying privilege makes equality/equity seem like... | reverse discrimination |
| equality | everyone benefits from the same supports |
| equity | everyone gets the support they need (this is also called affirmative action) |
| equity is not... | discriminating against anyone |
| justice | everyone gets the same support or accomodation because the causes of inequity were addressed |
| what are some common reactions to privilege? | guilt and denial; acceptance, but not seeing any personal benefits; acceptance and using it for social justice |
| prejudice | attitudes (typically negative) about certain members of a social group as well as an entire social group |
| non prejudiced people can have negative attitudes and behaviors towards... | outgroup members |
| stereotypes | beliefs about the traits and behaviors of members of a social group(s) |
| stereotypes usually lead us to... | labelling people incorrectly or inappropriately (ex: thugs, terrorists, illegal immigrants) |
| intersectionality | an overlap in social categories alters stereotypes |
| discrimination | differential treatment of others based on their social group |
| interpersonal discrimination | one on one discrimination (ex: sexual harrassment) |
| organizational discrimination | practices rules of formal organization or governments that lead to discrimination |
| institutional discrimination | practices in social institutions that results in unfair treatment (ex: legal, housing, or educational systems) |
| cultural discrimination | devaluing cultural norms and perspectives of other groups |
| institutional and cultural discrimination can be... | hard to detect most of the time |
| racism | stronger and more pervasive than other forms of discrimination in the US |
| other forms of discrimination in the US | heterosexism, weight bias, religious discrimination, classism, sexism, ageism, ableism, etc. |
| changing prejudice | most do not consciously admit to prejudice thoughts/actions, but extensive research suggests otherwise |
| physiological tests | measure a body's change in stimulus |
| unobtrusive behavioral measurements | subtle behavioral measures that disguise their intent |
| what is considered old fashioned racism and sexism | any absurd law created in the Jim Crow Era |
| what is old fashioned sexism and racism? | the belief that white males were genetically superior and subordinate segregation was acceptable |
| racial/gender resentment | resenting complaints from minorities and women about discrimination |
| prejudice and character | most believe that only "bad" people are prejudiced |
| explicit prejudice | conscious activation of stereotypes, thoughts, and beliefs |
| implicit prejudice | unconscious activation of stereotypes, thoughts and feelings when perceiving an outgroup member |
| implicit prejudice can predict... | nonverbal behaviors, automatic reactions, and biased judgements (ex: hiring, and medical decisions) |
| modern/symbolic prejudice | the belief that minority groups are morally inferior to majority groups and lack traditional values |
| modern/symbolic prejudice often believes that... | discrimination complaints are unjustified, wealth and education gaps are due to lack of motivation/values/morals |
| egalitarian views | feel threatened by programs that help minority groups improve |
| with modern/symbolic prejudice people are socialized to... | feel a degree of negative emotions towards certain minority groups (aka gender/racial resentment) |
| discrimination | occurs when it can be justified by non-racial/sex/religious groups |
| discriminatory people typically have... | strong negative implicit/explicit attitudes towards a certain group |
| aversive prejudice | the belief in equality, but ignoring and/or avoiding eye contact with certain minority groups |
| people with aversive prejudice often feel like... | they do not have close, intimate contacts/relationships with people in these groups |
| people with aversive prejudice often reject... | moral inferiority arguments and may support equity programs like affirmative action |
| people with aversive prejudice often avoid... | intimate, unstructured, and prolonged contact with certain groups |
| people with aversive prejudice may... | discriminate in ambiguous situations (ex; unobtrusive tests) |
| ambivalent prejudice | having both positive and negative explicit and negative implicit benefits |
| individualism values | everyone is responsible for themselves and their own lives/values |
| egalitarian values | love thy neighbor as yourself |
| individualism values often conflict with egalitarian values | overemphasis on one value set depending on context/primes to reduce conflicted feelings |
| response amplification | extremely positive/negative behavior towards an outgroup member |
| benevolent prejudice | positive beliefs about a minority group(s) that keep them in a low status/power position |
| ambivalent sexism | a mix of hostile and benevolent sexism (ex: chivalry) |
