| Term | Definition |
| Intelligence | The ability to:
-learn from experience
-solve problems
-use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| Charles Spearman | believed in the general intelligence (g), a common skill set underlying our intelligence. |
| L.L. Thurstone (argued with Spearman) | believed in 7 clusters of primary mental abilities. |
| Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences | Studied people with diminished or exceptional abilities.
Believed there were a total of 8 intelligences, but we do not excel at all of them.
Inter-personal
Naturalist
Spatial
Lingual
Bodily-kinetic
Intra-personal
Logical-reasoning
Musical |
| Robert Sternberg’s Three Intelligences | 1. Analytical/Conventional; academic problem-solving skills
2. Creative; adapting to novel situations and generating novel ideas
3. Practical; required for everyday tasks |
| Emotional Intelligence (EQ) | The ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions. |
| Cross-sectional | Different age people compared to one another.
Results say mental ability declines with age |
| Longitudinal | Same people over a life time (cohorts).
Results say mental ability remains stable or increases |
| Crystalized intelligence | accumulated knowledge (older) |
| Fluid intelligence | reasoning speedily and abstractly (younger) |
