| Term | Definition |
| craniectomy | removal of a skull bone |
| craniotomy | incision into a skull bone |
| (surgical) neurectomy | removal of a nerve |
| Neurolysis | destruction of nerve tissue |
| neuroplasty | surgical repair of a nerve |
| neurorrhaphy | suturing of a nerve |
| neurotomy | incision into a nerve |
| (miscellanous drugs that treat conditions of the nervous system) neuropharmacology | study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system |
| analgesic | relieves pain |
| anticonvulsant | opposes convulsions |
| hyphotic | aids in producing sleep |
| thrombo/lytic | dissolves clots |
| chemotherapy | treatment with chemicals |
| anesthetics | drugs that block the sensation of pain |
| (area) local | small area; does not affect consciousness |
| regional | affects a nerve, increasing the area affected |
| general | causes complete loss of consciousness |
| topical | local anesthesia applied to the surface to be treated (such as the skin) |
| epidural | anesthetic applied to dural region of the spinal cord |
| (conditions) Autism | |
| Cerebral palsy | paralysis caused by damage to the area of brain responsible for movement |
| Epilepsy | disease marked by seizures |
| Myasthenia gravis | muscle weakness |
| Narcolepsy | disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness |
| (nerve disorders)
ganglitis | inflammation of the ganglion |
| ganglioma | tumor of the ganglion |
| neuroarthropathy | disease of the joint associated with nerves |
| neuroencephalomyelopathy | disease of nerves, brain, and spinal cord |
| neuropathy | nerve disease |
| Neurosis | a nerve condition |
| (condition of the mind)
Anorexia | refusal to eat |
| Bulimia | overeat and purge |
| Dysphoria | negative mental state |
| Euphoria | positive mental state |
| Hypomania | mental state just below mania |
| Manic depression | (Bipolar) |
| Psychopathy | |
| Schrizophernia | mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech |
| (conditions of spinal cord)
Myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| Myelodysplasia | defective formation of the spinal cord |
| Myelopathy | disease of the spinal cord |
| (conditions of the brain)
Encephalomyelitis | inflammation of the brain and spinal cord |
| Encephalomyeloneuropathy | disease of the brain, spinal cord, nerves |
| Encephalopathy | disease of the brain |
| Encephalopyosis | pus-filled abscess in the brain |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | excessive bleeding inside the brain |
| (surgical procedures on the brain)
cerebrotomy | incision into the brain |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe (of the cerebrum) |
| lobotomy | incision into a lobe (of the cerebrum) |
| (surgical procedures on the vessels that affect the brain)
endarterectomy | removal of the inside of an artery |
| endo/vascular neurosurgery | surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels |
| (Psychiatric Drugs)
psychoparmacology | study of effects of drugs on mental processes |
| psychotropic | drugs that affect the mind |
| antidepressant | opposes depression; elevates the mood |
| antipsyshotic | opposes psychoses |
| anxiolytic | decreases anxiety |
| (conditions of the skull)
craniomalacia | abnormal softening of the skull |
| craniosclerosis | abnormal hardening of the skull |
| craniostenosis | abnormal narrowing of the skull |
| craniosynostosis | premature fusion of the skull bones |
| (conditions related to cerebrovascular disease)
cerebral aneurysm | abnormal widening of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain due to fatty plaque |
| cerebral embolism | clot in a blood vessel of the brain that originated elsewhere in the body |
| cerebral thrombosis | clot in a blood vessel of the brain |
| (terms relating to seizures)
Pre/ictal | time before the seizure |
| Inter/ictal | time during the seizure |
| Post/ictal | time after the seizure |
| (relating to muscle tone associated with seizures)
tonic | pertaining to muscle tone (usually weak) |
| clonus | muscle spasm or twitching |
| tonic-clonic seizure | seizure with both a tonic and a clonic stage |
| Idionpathic | of unknown origin |
| (conditions related to comprehension)
agnosia | inability to comprehend (lack of knowledge) |
| prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces |
| (condition related to emotion)
apathy | lack of emotion |
| (condition related to muscle movement)
Hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| (condition related to weakness)
Neurastenia | nerve weakness |
| (miscellaneous neurologic conditions)
Neuroglycolpenia | low blood sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
| Nystagmus | involuntary back and forth eye movements |
| (conditions associated with nerves)
neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves |
| neuroma | nerve tumor |
| neurosclerosis | hardening of nerves |
| (conditions associated with the spinal cord)
Melomalacia | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| (conditions associated with the size of the skull)
Microcephaly | abnormally small skull |
| Macrocephaly | abnormally large skull |
| (conditions associated with herniations)
Encephalocele | hernia of the brain |
| meningocele | herniation of the meninges |
| myelocle | herniation of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele | herniation of the spinal cord and meninges |
| (conditions of the structure of the brain)
cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral atrophy | wasting away of brain tissue |
| duritis | inflammation of the dura (outer meningeal covering) |
| (conditions associated with hematomas)
cranial hematoma | hematoma beneath the skull |
| hematoma | tumorlike mass made up of blood |
| epidural hematoma | hematoma on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematoma | hematoma inside the brain |
| subdural hematoma | hematoma beneath the dura |
| (conditions of sensations)
dysesthesia | bad feeling |
| Hyperestesia | increased sensation |
| parasthesia | abnormal sensation (tingling) |
| pseudesthesia | false sensation |
| Synesthesia | one sensation in experienced as another |
| (miscellaneous condition of feelings/sensations)
causalgia | burning pain |
| (partial loss of sensation and movement)
paresis | partial paralysis |
| Hemi/paresis | partial paralysis on one half of the body |
| Mono/paresis | partial paralysis on one limb |
| (complete loss of sensation and movement)
Plegia | complete loss of sensation and movement |
| Hemi/pleagia | complete loss of sensation and movement on one half of the body |
| Mono/plegia | complete loss of sensation and movement in one limb |
| (conditions of head pain)
Cephal/algia | head pain |
| Cephal/o/dynia | head pain |
| encephalalgia | brain pain |
| (impairment associated with muscle weakness)
Neur/asthenia | nerve weakness |
| (impairment associated with sleep)
In/somnia | inability to sleep |
| Somn/ambul/isam | sleepwalking |
| (impairment associated with loss of blood flow to the brain)
Syncope | fainting |
| (impairments of mental function)
De/lirium | brief loss of mental function |
| De/mentia | loss/decline in mental function |
| Dys/lexia | difficulty or reading |
| (impairment of movement)
Dys/kines/ia | difficulty moving |
| (impairment associated with twitching)
Myo/clous | muscle twitching |
| (impairment associated with muscle contraction)
Myo/spasm | involuntary muscle contractions |
| (impairments of speech)
a/phas/ia | inability to speak |
| Dys/phas/ia | difficulty speaking |
| (impairments of coordination)
a/tax/ia | lack of coordination |
| (impairments of muscle tone)
Cata/ton/ia | reduced muscle tone |
| Dys/ton/ia | involuntary muscle movements |
| (Psychiatric complaints -Emotional problems)
depression | persistent feeling of sadness |
| anxiety | feeling upset, frustrated, or nervous |
| (Erratic behaviors)
phobias | exaggerated fear |
| manias | exaggerated obsessions |
| delirum | sudden state of confusion |
| dementia | persistent state of confusion |
| (-plegia-paralysis)
Quadri/plegia | paralysis in four limbs |
| (-asthenia-weakness)
My/asthenia | weakness of muscles |
| Phon/asthenia | weakness of the voice |
| (ton/o)
dys/tonia
tonograph | muscle tone, tension, pressure
abnormal one
machine that records muscle tone |
| (tax/o)
a/tax/ia
hypo/taxia | arrangement, order, coordination
absence of movement
reduced movement |
| (lob/o)
loboto | |
