| Term | Definition |
| Metropolis (1929) | -dehumanization of industry
-badness of industrial city
-class segregation
-pollution |
| global urban population growth | grown as proportion of dwellers urban:rural and as # of people flat out |
| Simmel's social effects of urban life | -large + mobile urban pop. -> world of strangers
-workshop of modern humans, unlike rural |
| Wirth's view of urban life | -anomie: isolation, less connection
freedom: less social cntrl of folk world, judgement
-large pop. -> formal social controls
-heterogeneous -> social diversity, immigration, work specialization
-spacial segregation -> whole diverse, int. segregation |
| rank-size rule - Zipf's Law | P_r=P_1÷r
population of city=population of largest city/rank of city |
| primate system | 1 big city dominates the entire system |
| developing system(s) | top ~5 very similar, population lower than expected
-expected convergence to mature system
-transitory, many systems |
| mature system | - relationship among cities in system |
| The City (1939) | Lewis Mumford, prescriptive, GC influence
evolution of American city, arts of death/life
-New England village
-industrial, financial, automobile city
-greenbelt towns |
| hinterland-city relationship | -ag surplus needed, provided by hinterland |
| the Arcadian myth | -idealized rural life, combined urban-rural
-pastoral existence, close to nature
-reaction to industrialization |
| Farewell Oak St (1953) | promoting urban renewal/slum clearance
-privacy, hygiene, modernist influence
-people influenced by their environment |
| the Pruitt-Igoe Myth (2011) | -lots of hope at the beginning
-key failures: segregation, no defensible spaces
-not just architectural determinism
-funding structure unworkable with declining pop., social context |
| Hausmann's redesign of Paris | -destroyed medieval st pattern
-narrow sts -> broad ave, straight boulv., big parks
-health and sanitation reasoning
-facilitated social control + police, easily move troops
-mandated Parisian building codes
-top-down planning, elites/state>residents |
| City Beautiful | Daniel Burnham
cities as visual spectacles, places to be seen not live
-reconstructing old cities
-radial sts on grid
-civic/public buildings @ center
-more influential as vision than literal implementation
--used some in non-industrial places, DC |
| Garden City | Ebenezer Howard
cities=places to live in
-natural balance, human scale, top-down, designed not grown
-ring of cities around central city, rail +canal
-tree lined sts, communal ammenties, industry @ edge
-communism, self-sufficient, nature
Letchworth |
| Don Mills ON | -example of prewar suburb
-GC integrated land use
-small scale, not mass-produced, custom built
-neighborhood units |
| Levittowns | -model of postwar American suburbs
-single family houses, cars
-mass production:mass consumption
-segregated
-FHA-> more ppl could get mortgages (30 yr. mortgage)
-privatization |
| Le Corbusier | Modernist design
function > form, uniform
-embraced industry, orderliness (judgy), auth appeal
-apartments cells/machines make human products
-intensive hi-rise with lots of open space, mixed use
-Plan Voison, the Radiant City
-Chandigarh, Brasilia |
| Jane Jacobs | -activist against urban renewal/Robert Moses
-emphasized diversity, mixed use, bottom-up
-sts for social interaction, eyes on the st, kids in the st
-ppl as inhabitants not products
-criticisms: still planning |
| Greenbelt, MD | -est by federal govt
-coop elements, depression affordable housing
-social engineering/screening, racially segregated |
| Radburn principle | -reduce traffic w/in neighborhoods designed around schools
-superblocks -> cul-de-sacs
-leads to car dependence |
