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Metropolis (1929)
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global urban population growth
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cities midterm

TermDefinition
Metropolis (1929) -dehumanization of industry -badness of industrial city -class segregation -pollution
global urban population growth grown as proportion of dwellers urban:rural and as # of people flat out
Simmel's social effects of urban life -large + mobile urban pop. -> world of strangers -workshop of modern humans, unlike rural
Wirth's view of urban life -anomie: isolation, less connection freedom: less social cntrl of folk world, judgement -large pop. -> formal social controls -heterogeneous -> social diversity, immigration, work specialization -spacial segregation -> whole diverse, int. segregation
rank-size rule - Zipf's Law P_r=P_1÷r population of city=population of largest city/rank of city
primate system 1 big city dominates the entire system
developing system(s) top ~5 very similar, population lower than expected -expected convergence to mature system -transitory, many systems
mature system - relationship among cities in system
The City (1939) Lewis Mumford, prescriptive, GC influence evolution of American city, arts of death/life -New England village -industrial, financial, automobile city -greenbelt towns
hinterland-city relationship -ag surplus needed, provided by hinterland
the Arcadian myth -idealized rural life, combined urban-rural -pastoral existence, close to nature -reaction to industrialization
Farewell Oak St (1953) promoting urban renewal/slum clearance -privacy, hygiene, modernist influence -people influenced by their environment
the Pruitt-Igoe Myth (2011) -lots of hope at the beginning -key failures: segregation, no defensible spaces -not just architectural determinism -funding structure unworkable with declining pop., social context
Hausmann's redesign of Paris -destroyed medieval st pattern -narrow sts -> broad ave, straight boulv., big parks -health and sanitation reasoning -facilitated social control + police, easily move troops -mandated Parisian building codes -top-down planning, elites/state>residents
City Beautiful Daniel Burnham cities as visual spectacles, places to be seen not live -reconstructing old cities -radial sts on grid -civic/public buildings @ center -more influential as vision than literal implementation --used some in non-industrial places, DC
Garden City Ebenezer Howard cities=places to live in -natural balance, human scale, top-down, designed not grown -ring of cities around central city, rail +canal -tree lined sts, communal ammenties, industry @ edge -communism, self-sufficient, nature Letchworth
Don Mills ON -example of prewar suburb -GC integrated land use -small scale, not mass-produced, custom built -neighborhood units
Levittowns -model of postwar American suburbs -single family houses, cars -mass production:mass consumption -segregated -FHA-> more ppl could get mortgages (30 yr. mortgage) -privatization
Le Corbusier Modernist design function > form, uniform -embraced industry, orderliness (judgy), auth appeal -apartments cells/machines make human products -intensive hi-rise with lots of open space, mixed use -Plan Voison, the Radiant City -Chandigarh, Brasilia
Jane Jacobs -activist against urban renewal/Robert Moses -emphasized diversity, mixed use, bottom-up -sts for social interaction, eyes on the st, kids in the st -ppl as inhabitants not products -criticisms: still planning
Greenbelt, MD -est by federal govt -coop elements, depression affordable housing -social engineering/screening, racially segregated
Radburn principle -reduce traffic w/in neighborhoods designed around schools -superblocks -> cul-de-sacs -leads to car dependence
Created by: sarahm-m
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