| Question | Answer |
| arteriole | Small artery |
| calyx or calix | Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis |
| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney |
| cortical | pertiaining to the cortex |
| creatinine | nitrogenous waste excerted in urine. |
| Creatine clearance | a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood |
| electrolyte | chemical elemnt that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necassary for functioning of muscles and nerves. |
| What do kidneys do | The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. |
| Erythopoieten (EPO) | Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. |
| -poieten | a substance that forms |
| filteration | process whereby some substances,but not at all, pass through a filter. |
| glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus |
| what does glomerular capsule do? | it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through walls of the glomerulus |
| glomerulus | tiny ball capillaries (microscopic clood vessels) in the kidney |
| hilum | depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
| kidney | one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine. |
| meatus | opening or canal |
| medulla | inner region of an organ |
| renal medulla | inner region of the kidney |
| medullary | pertaining to medulla |
| nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filteration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. |
| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted urine |
| potassium (k+) | an electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. |
| reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream. |
| renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney |
| renal pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney |
| renal tubule | microsopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filteration |
| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart |
| renin | hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstruction (narrowing of blood vessels. |
| sodium (Na+) | an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper tranmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions |
| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder |
| urea | malor nitrogenous waste excerted in urine |
| ureter | on of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine |
| urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine |
| urination | process of expelling urine; also called micturition |
| cali/, calic/o | calyx (calix) |
| cyst/o | urinary bladder |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| meat/o | meatus |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ren/o | kidney |
| trigon/o | trigone (region of bladder) |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| vesic/o | urinary bladder |
| albumin/o | albumin (a protein in blood) |
| azot/o | nitrogen |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| dips/o | thirst |
| kal/o | potassium |
| ket/o, kent/o | ketone bodies (ketoacidsand acetone) |
| lith/0 | stone |
| natr/o | sodium |
| noct/o | night |
| olig/o | scanty |
| pus | py/o |
| crushing | -tripsy |
| urine | ur/o |
| urin/o | urine |
| -uria | urination; urine condition |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney |
| interstitial nephritis | inflammetion of the connective tissue that lies between renal tubules |
| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones |
| nephrotic syndrome | group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | multiple fluid- filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma |
| renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) | Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood |
| renal failure | kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filteration function |
| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
| wilmus tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood |
| bladder cancer | malignant tumor of the urinary bladder |
| diabetes insipidus | antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect |
| diabetes mellitus | insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body. |
| lab test for blood urea notrogen (BUN) | measurement of urea levels in blood |
| creatinine clearance | measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney |
| CT scan | X-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues |
| kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) | X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
| renal angiography | X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney |
| retrograde pyelogram (RP) | X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder |
| voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) | X-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding |
| ultrasonography | imaging of the urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves |
| radioisotope scan | image of the kidney after injectibg a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into bloodstream |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | changing magnetic field produces images of the kidneys and surrounding structures in three planes of the body |
| cystoscopy | direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope |
| lithotripsy | Urinary tract stones are crushed |
| renal angioplasty | dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries |
| renal biopsy | removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination |
| renal transplantation | surgical tranfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient |
| urinary catheterization | passage of a flexible, tubular intrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder. |
