| Question | Answer |
| What did behaviorists dismiss the value of? | introspection |
| what is the number 1 controversy in psychology? | nature vs. nurture |
| what is the biopsychosocial approach? | considers the influences of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors |
| what is positive reinforcement? | strengthens a response by presenting a pleasurable stimulus after a response |
| what is negative reinforcement? | strengthens a response by reducing or removing something unpleasant after a response |
| what study emphasizes blood chemistry? | neuroscience |
| which perspective focuses on observable responses? | behaviorism |
| which perspective focuses on the potential for growth? | humanism |
| which perspective focuses on the unconscious? | psychodynamic |
| what does replication involve? | repeating the essence of an earlier study with different participants and materials |
| what is the type of study to focus on a single individual? | case study |
| what is considered intellectual conceit? | overconfidence |
| anytime learning occurs with pairing...a reflex response? | classical conditioning |
| what is a conscious decision made about a response? | operant conditioning |
| what is the reappearance of a weakened conditioned response after a pause? | spontaneous recovery |
| what is the desire to perform a behavior effectively and for its own sake? | intrinsic motivation |
| what is the desire to behave in certain ways to receive external rewards or avoid threatened punishment? | extrinsic motivation |
| what is the organization of information into meaningful units? | chunking |
| what type of memory has unlimited capacity? | long-term memory |
| what is the momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli? | echoic |
| what is visual memory? | iconic |
| describe encoding... | a list of things we automatically process |
| what occurs when not paying attention to detail? | encoding failure |
| what is the possibility of a cause and effect relationship? | correlations |
| who controls an experimentation? | a scientist |
| what is the situation or factor being manipulated in an experiment? | independent variable |
| what is the outcome of the manipulation in an experiment? | dependent variable |
| what is the group in an experiment that receives treatment? | experimental group |
| what is the group in an experiment that doesn't receive treatment? | control group |
