| Question | Answer |
| acute | short term occurring condition |
| antifreeze toxicity | poisoning that affects the renal system and shuts down the system causing renal failure, also known as ethylene glycol toxicity |
| anuria | no urine production |
| Ataxia | term used to note an animal that has the loss of control over its body, causing wobbliness and inability to control movement |
| Bowman's capsule | tubes located at the renal pelvis that filter blood into the kidneys from excessive amounts of dietary compounds |
| catheter | thin plastic or rubber tube that is passed into the urinary bladder or bloodstream |
| central nervous system (CNS) | part of the body under involuntary brain control, such as the brain and spinal cord |
| chronic | long term condition |
| cortex | outer section of the kidney structure |
| creatinine | chemical hormone filtered by the kidneys and indicates the kidney function level within the blood |
| crystals | solid formations within a urine sample that form from increased components within the urinary tract or renal system |
| cystitis | term for bladder infection or urinary tract infections |
| cystotomy | surgical incision into the urinary bladder to remove urinary bladder stones |
| dysuria | difficult or painful urination |
| ethylene glycol toxicity | poisoning by antifreeze that causes renal failure |
| feline uroloic syndrome (FUS) | condition that commonly affects male neutered obese cats in which they become blocked and are unable to urinate |
| glomerulus | capillaries located in a bundle at the renal pelvis |
| hematuria | blood in the urine |
| incontinence | uncontrolled bladder leakage |
| kidney | two organs located in the dorsal abdomen located on either side of the spine that produce urine and are reddish brown in color and are bean shaped and smooth |
| medulla | center section of a kidney |
| nephron | unit of measurement of the kidneys that produces the urine |
| oliguria | decreased amounts of urine production |
| osmosis | water absorption by the body through membranes |
| os penis | bone within the urethra of male dogs |
| penis | male sex organ and organ that allows urine to be excreted externally |
| perineal urethrostomy (PU) | surgical creation of a new opening at the urethra and penis to eliminate the occurance of urinary blockages |
| prepuce | the skin covering the male anatomy of the penis where urine is excreted |
| renal artery | located in the center of the kidney and allows blood flow out of the renal system |
| renal pelvis | inner most section of the kidney that filters blood and urine through the veins and arteries |
| renal system | body system that involves the kidneys and urine production to rid the body of waste products within the bloodstream |
| renal vein | located in the center of the kidney and allows blood flow into the renal system |
| sediment | sand like buildup in the urine composed of crystals and casts |
| ureter | tube made of smooth muscle that pushes and filters urine out of the kidneys through contractions |
| urolith | term for a bladder stone that forms within the urinary bladder |
| vulva | external female anatomy where urine is excreted |
