Final Exam Vocab from Chapters 13-17 of
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| accountability | show 🗑
|
||||
| agency point of view | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A system of organization and control based on the principles of hierarchical authority, job specialization, and formalized rules.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The major administrative organizations within the federal executive bureaucracy, each of which is headed by a secretary (cabinet officer) and has responsibility for a major function of the federal government, such as defense, agriculture, or justice.
🗑
|
||||
| clientele groups | show 🗑
|
||||
| demographic representativeness | show 🗑
|
||||
| executive leardership system | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A basic principle of bureaucracy that refers to the standardized procedures and established regulations by which a bureaucracy conducts its operations.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bodies, such as the US Postal Service and Amtrak, that are similar to private corporations in that they charge for their services, but different in that they receive federal funding to help defray expenses. Directors: appointed by the president & Senate
🗑
|
||||
| show | A basic principle of bureaucracy that refers to the chain of command within an organization whereby officials and units have control over those below them.
🗑
|
||||
| independent agencies | show 🗑
|
||||
| job specilization | show 🗑
|
||||
| merit (civil service) system | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The plilosophical belief that government governs best by staying out of people's lives, thus giving individuals as much freedom as possible to determine their own pursuits.
🗑
|
||||
| show | An approach to managing the bureaucracy whereby people are appointed to important government positions as a reward for political services they have rendered and because of their partisan loyalty.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The primary function of the bureaucracy; it refers to the process of carrying out the authoritative decisions of Congress, the president, and the courts.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Organizations within the bureaucracy that are headed by commissioners appointed by the president. An example is the Commission on Civil Rights.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Administrative units, such as the Federal Communications Commission and the EPA, that have responsibility for the monitoring and regulation of ongoing economic activities.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The practice of granting public office to individuals in return for political favors they have rendered.
🗑
|
||||
| show | An internal check on the bureaucracy whereby individual bureaucrats report instances of mismanagement that they observe.
🗑
|
||||
| appellate jurisdiction | show 🗑
|
||||
| compliance | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A separate opinion written by a Supreme Court justice who votes with the majority in the decision on a case but who disagrees with their reasoning.
🗑
|
||||
| decision | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The opinion of a justice in a Supreme Court case that explains his or her reasons for disagreeing with the majority's decision.
🗑
|
||||
| facts (of a court case) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The doctrine that the courts should develop new legal principles when judges see a compelling need, even if this action places them in conflict with the policy decisions of elected officials.
🗑
|
||||
| judicial confrence | show 🗑
|
||||
| judicial restraint | show 🗑
|
||||
| judicial review | show 🗑
|
||||
| jurisdiction (of a court) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The constitutional provisions, legislative statutes, or judicial precedents that apply to a court case.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The issue of the proper limits of judicial authority in a political system based in part on the principle of majority rule.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A Supreme Court opinion that results when a majority of the justices are in agreement on the legal basis of the decision.
🗑
|
||||
| opinion (of a court) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The authority of a given court to be the first court to hear a case.
🗑
|
||||
| plurality opinion | show 🗑
|
||||
| precedent | show 🗑
|
||||
| senatorial courtesy | show 🗑
|
||||
| writ of certiorari | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | When the government's tax revenues for the year are roughly equal to its expenditures.
🗑
|
||||
| show | When the government's expenditures exceed its revenues.
🗑
|
||||
| show | When the government's tax and other revenues exceed its expenditures.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tax that individuals pay on money gained from the sale of a capital asset, such as property or stocks.
🗑
|
||||
| show | When the government spends more than it collects in taxes and other revenues.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A form of fiscal policy that emphasizes "demand" (consumer spending). Government can use increased spending or tax cuts to place more money in consumers' hands and thereby increase demand.
🗑
|
||||
| deregulation | show 🗑
|
||||
| economic depression | show 🗑
|
||||
| economic recession | show 🗑
|
||||
| economy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An economic principle that holds that firms should fulfill as many of society's needs as possible while using as few of its resources as possible. The greater the output (production) for a given input (ie labor hours), the more efficient the process.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The situation in which the outcome of an economic transaction is fair to each party. An outcome can usually be considered fair if each party enters into a transaction freely and is not knowingly at a disadvantage.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Burdens that society incurs when firms fail to pay the full cost of resources used in production. An example of an externality is the pollution that results when corporations dump industrial wastes into lakes and rivers.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A tool of econoimc management by which government attempts to maintain a stable economy through its taxing and spending decisions.
🗑
|
||||
| graduated personal income tax | show 🗑
|
||||
| inflation | show 🗑
|
||||
| lassez-faire doctrine | show 🗑
|
||||
| monetary policy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The total cumulative amount that the US government owes to creditors.
🗑
|
||||
| regulation | show 🗑
|
||||
| supply-side economics | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Any of a number of individual benefit programs, such as social security, that require the givernmetn to provide a designated benefit to any person who meets the legally defined criterial for eligibility.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The idea that all individuals should be given an equal chance to succeed on theri own.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Government benefits that are cash equivalents, such as food stamps or rent vouchers. This form of benefit ensures that recipients will use public assistance in a specified way.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The requirement that applicants for public assistance must demonstrate they are poor in order to be eligible for the assistance.
🗑
|
||||
| negative government | show 🗑
|
||||
| positive government | show 🗑
|
||||
| poverty line | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A term that refers to social welfare programs funded through general tax revenues and available only to the financially needy. Eligibility for such a program is established by a means test.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Social welfare programs based on the "insurance" concept, so that individuals must pay into the program in order to be eligible to recieve funds from it. An example is social security for retired people.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A government benefit that is given directly to an individual, as in the case of social security payments to a retiree.
🗑
|
||||
| cold war | show 🗑
|
||||
| containment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A French word meaning "a relaxing" and used to refer to an era of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began in the early 1970s.
🗑
|
||||
| deterrence | show 🗑
|
||||
| economic globalization | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The view that the long-term economic interests of all countries are advanced when tariffs and other trade barriers are kept to a minimum.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of military conflict in which irregular soldiers rise up against an established regime.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The view that the country should involve itself deeply in world affairs.
🗑
|
||||
| isolationism | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The three components (the military establishment, the industries that manufacure weapons, and the members of Congress from states and districts that depend heavily on the arms industry) that mutually benefit from a high level of defense spending.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The situation in which nations act together in repsonse to problems and crises.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Business firms with major operations in more than one country.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The view that the immediate interests of domestic producers should have a higher priority (through, for example, protective tariffs) than should free trade between nations.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
theinfamousj
Popular U.S. History sets