toxicology
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| show | exposure to non pharmocological substances
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| show | exposure to drugs (legal or olleagal
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| show | <6
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| 80% of suicides are | show 🗑
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| show | ingestion,injection,inhalation,absorption
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| show | most common route of entry
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| show | corrosive substances (acids/alkalis)-burns to lips tongue,throat
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| show | due to absorption from GI tract, most absorptions occurs in small intestine
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| inhalation absorption occurs | show 🗑
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| Absorption occurs | show 🗑
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| Injected absorbption occurs | show 🗑
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| Gastric Lavage to be done within | show 🗑
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| Decontamination | show 🗑
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| Activated Charcoal | show 🗑
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| Cathartic Agent (in charcoal) | show 🗑
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| Emesis involves | show 🗑
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| show | miz with air and distribute freely throughout airway
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| show | liquid froplets in air-the larger the droplet the more exposure
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| Fumes | show 🗑
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| show | tachyapnea,dyspnea,CP,coughing, STRIDOR 80% occluded, wheezing, rales,rhonchi
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| show | -most common in 13-15yrs seen in 6-8 yrs -AKA-gateway substances -sniffed (from container),huffing(substance placed on cloth),bagging (placed in bag) -dilated pupils,tinnitus,n/v
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| Cyanide | show 🗑
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| show | -cyanosis n cherry red skin,agitation,anxiety,confusion,HTN w/reflex brady,acidosis
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| Cyanide Antidote Kit | show 🗑
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| show | iron in hemoglobin to trivalent (Fe3+) form called methemoglobin (loves cyanide)= = CN-Met-Hgb/still must be detoxified + Thiosulfate= Thiocyanate. then excreted by kidneys and returned to hemoglobin
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| show | -colorless,odorless,tasteless gas -200-250x >affinity for O2 -forms carboxyhemoglobin -cherry red skin and cyanosis -death from MI n ischemia due to hypoxia -half life in room air is 4-7hrs tx hyperbaric chamber
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| show | fat and lipids in cell membranes to dissolve, cells fall apart
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| Acid's cause | show 🗑
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| hydrofluoric Acid | show 🗑
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| show | Organic:carbon and hydrogens -s/s burns,wheezing,SOB,hypoxia,pneumonitis,HA,dizzy,cardiac dysryhtmias.tx-lavage
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| show | Tofranil,elavil,norpramin,pamelor,amitriptyline -blocks reuptake of NE/serotonin in presynaptic neuron A2 primarily -do not use flumazenil,may cause seizures
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| show | prozac,zoloft,paxil -do not block cholinergic receptors
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| show | Nardil
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| overdose common in ages | show 🗑
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| Tachycardia in OD's are | show 🗑
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| show | breaks down tyramine in liver tyramine increases relase of NE potent vasopressor)
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| show | for bipolar,moves into cells like Na+ but not pumped out easily, changes reuptake of NE causing anti adrenergic effects -tx-control seizures,alkaline urine w.sodium bicarb, osmotic diuresis with mannitol,possible hemodyalisis
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| Salicylate Toxicity amount ingested | show 🗑
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| Acetaminophen | show 🗑
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| show | -exceeds bodys ability to store, causes disruption of cellular functions,anaerobic metabolism and acidosis -leads to Myocardial depression,venodilation and cerebral edema -corrosive to intestinal mucosa,liver injury -20 mg/kg van be lethatl, CV collaps
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| show | Deferoxamide-Chelating Agent -binds to iron less moves into cells and tissie,Charcoal contraindicates
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| show | kids most common victims-paint chip ingestion -causes brain and nervous system damage -adults exposed thru inhalation
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| show | -only metallic element that is liquid at rm temp,inhalation most common route -accumalates in organs mainly brain n kidneys
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| Food/Plant poisonings tx | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteria,Virus, toxic chemical
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| show | -swells stomach and intestinal linings -incubation-6-48 hrs -lasts 5-7days -abd pain,fever,diarrhea,N/V -tx.Antibiotics -sudden ABD pain
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| show | Acute bacterial infection of bowel,resistant to stomach acid,infects colin leading to colitis -diarrhea,fever,abd pain,rectal pain -incubation 1-7 days,lasts 7 days
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| Complications of Shigella | show 🗑
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| show | -life threatning, caused by clostridium botulinum -blocks ACh release from motor neurons, leads to muscle paralysis from head to toe, develops w/out gastric upset, severe CNS symptoms -incubation 4hrs-8days
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| show | causes intestinal ilness, swallowing food or water contaminated with stool,raw shellfish -S/S occur 1-2 days post ingestion, recovery 2-3 days
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| show | Cylopeptide group (deadly) -contains amanita (cause 90% of deaths) toxic to liver -s/s-excess saliva,tears,sweating,abd cramps,n/v,diarrhea brady.
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| Food posioning onsets | show 🗑
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| Poisonis plants onset | show 🗑
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| show | Wasps,bees,hornets, fire ant
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| Serum Sickness symptoms (delayed reaction) | show 🗑
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| Brown Recluse | show 🗑
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| Brown recluse S/S | show 🗑
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| Black Widow | show 🗑
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| Black Widow S/S | show 🗑
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| Scorpion Tx-active April-August | show 🗑
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| Scorpion Venoms effects | show 🗑
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| Pit vipers | show 🗑
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| Vipers venom | show 🗑
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| show | -do not allow to walk, do not apply cold compress,give pain meds anything PO, or suction venom,. -restrict movement, keep limb below heart, immobilize, most deaths occur 6-30hrs , 90% within 1st 48hrs
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| show | red and black bands, red on yellow kill a fellow-hangs on and chews-venom is neuro toxic, blacks ACH receptor sites, no necrosis or edema-CNS S/s, causes respiratory and skeletal muscle paralyisis w/in 12-24 hrs
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| King snake | show 🗑
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| show | Coelenterates,echinoderms, stingrays -vey painful inhuries
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| Nematocysts | show 🗑
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| Jellyfish | show 🗑
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| Sea anemone Fire corals | show 🗑
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| Colenterates Tx | show 🗑
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| Starfish | show 🗑
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| show | produce liquid toxin from anal tentacle, Tx, apply heat or hot water
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| show | sting produces laceration 15-20 cm long, localized and systemic reaction. TX-irrigation w/fresh water, remove stinger, immerse in hot water
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| show | removal of drug causes adverse physical reactions
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| Psychological dependence | show 🗑
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| Tolerance | show 🗑
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| Narcotics | show 🗑
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| Sedative hypnotics | show 🗑
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| show | benzedrine, dexedrine, cocaine, ritalin (S/S=DILATED pupils, SNS afects) TX: treat dysryhthmias, Valium 5-10 for seizures, Haldol for hyperactivity)
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| Drug ingestion OD | show 🗑
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| show | CNS A2 blocker-produces profound SNS discharge- Freebase-cocaine mixed with alkaline soluion (dilated pupils)-fatal dose 1200mg.TX for seizures Valium 5-10mg
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| show | PCP and LSD,MDMA, weed,srooms-Dilated pupils-TX-valium and haldol
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| show | causes sedation and amneisa
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| Alcohol | show 🗑
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| show | personality, environment, addictive nature
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| Alcohol Dependence | show 🗑
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| Organophosphates | show 🗑
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| Methanol tx: | show 🗑
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| show | wood alcohol, GAS lin Antifreeze,no more toxic than ethanol but metabolites are extremely toxic-10-15 ml of 40% solution can cause death, (4cc can cause blindness)-liver converts alcohol to formaldehyde n in mins to formic acid=metabolic acidosis,
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| Methanol " | show 🗑
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| show | in antifreezes, pains,-Lethal dose 60 ml, toxicity caused by glycolic and Oxalic acids, causes hypocalcemia, Oxalate prevents Ca++ from being absorbed
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| show | CNS effects-1-12hrs, cardio pulm 12-30hrs-renal effetcs 24-72. TX gastric lavage within 1hr, charcoal, IV isotonic solution, sodium bicarb, 80% ethanol 30-60 ml,(blocks conversion to metabolites) Thiamine to degrade glycolic acid, calcium gluconate or
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| " | show 🗑
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