TEST 2 CHAPTER 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Cephalocaudal trend | head to toe
a pattern of growth occurring in the prenatal period in which the head develops more rapidly than the rest of the body
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| Proximodistal trend | pattern of growth that proceeds from the center of the body outward. Example – arms and legs grow before hands and feet.
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| Brian Development | At birth, the brain is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure, and it develops at an astounding pace throughout infancy and toddlerhood.
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| Neurons | nerve cells that store and transmit information
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| Synapses | gaps between neurons where fibers from neurons come close together but don’t touch
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| Neurotransmitters | chemicals released by neurons to send messages to each other
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| Synaptic pruning | Nerve patterns that havent been used dissapear
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| Glial cells | form half of the brain’s volume
provide support and protection for neurons; myelination
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| Myelination | coating of neural fibers with myelin
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| Myelin | insulating fatty sheath that improves the efficience of message transfer
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| Cerebral Cortex | surrounds the brain
1. The largest, most complex part of the human brain, and the last brain structure to stop growing
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| Frontal lobe | planning; last to develop- impulse
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| Parietal lobe | sensory
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| Temporal lobe | auditory
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| Occipital lobe | visual
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| Lateralization | specialization of 2 hemispheres
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| Left Brian | info, sensory, analytical, controls right of body
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| Right Brian | emotions, creativity, puts things together, controls left side of body; negative emotions
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| Brain plasticity | brain is still moldable- able to change
if head injury and part is damaged you can rewire your brain to take over injured part
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| Heredity | biggest factor of height and weight
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| Nutrition | essential first 2 years because brain and body are growing so rapidly
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| Malnutrition | can effect emotional development
1/3 of worlds nutrition suffer from malnutrition before age 5, including 9 percent who suffer from two severe dietary diseases
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| Non-organic failure to thrive | nutrition and physically are ok but not grwothing- no caregiver relationship
If not corrected in infancy, they will remain small and have lasting cognitive and emotional problems
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| Most sensitive period in brain | 0-3 months
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| Experience expectant growth | development that will not happen unless a particular experience occurs during its critical period; using 2 eyes
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| Experience dependent growth | additional growth is a result of specific enviroment or learning
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| Marasmus | 1st year- low diet in essential nutrition; causes physical and learning problems
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| Kwashiorkor | big belly- low protein diet; causes growth and weight problems
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| Food insecurity | not getting nutrition all the time
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| Mirror neurons | allow newborns to imitate; powerful way to learn
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| Gross | 1st- large motor skills- crawling, standing and walking
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| Fine | smaller muscles- reaching and grasping
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| Dynamic systems theory of motor development | mastery of motor skills
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| New skills are a joint product of four factors | 1. Central nervous system development
2.The body’s movement capacities (gross-motor & fine-motor skills)
3.The child’s goals
4.Environmental supports for the skill
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| Hearing develops | Between 4 – 7 months
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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