environmental
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| Normal temperature | show 🗑
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| show | can maintain a constant internal body temp
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| show | regulated by Posterior Hypothalamus-thermostat(-negative feedback system)
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| Posterior hypothalamus recieves input from | show 🗑
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| show | stimulated by lower skin surface temp,body warms when stim-more cold receptors than hot in skin and organs
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| show | stimulated by higher temp-body cools when stim,more warm than cold in anterior hypothalmus-negative feedback
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| show | internal heat production
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| show | exercise/shivering
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| 2.Thermoregulatory thermogenesis | show 🗑
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| show | processing foods-affected by age,general health,nutritional state
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| (BMR) Basal metabloci rate | show 🗑
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| show | rate body consumes energy during activity (faster than BMR)
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| Skeletal muscle | show 🗑
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| Vasoconstirction | show 🗑
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| Endocrine glands regulate heat | show 🗑
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| show | recieved from enviornment via thermal gradient
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| Thermal gradient | show 🗑
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| Ambient air temp | show 🗑
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| show | by air or water currents passing over body
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| show | velocity and temp of air or water currents
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| show | evaporation of fluids absorb heat from surrounding objects and air. affected by ambient temp/humidity
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| Respiration | show 🗑
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| show | body eliminates heat thru-vasodilation,perspiration, decreasing internal production,increased CO/RR, vasodilation,perspiration
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| show | SNS/Thyroid hormones are inhibited
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| Thermogenesis | show 🗑
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| show | when normal mechanisms are overwhelmed by environment,excessive exercise, thermoregulatory mech dails
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| show | heat cramps,heat exhaustion, heatstroke
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| Heat cramps | show 🗑
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| show | diaphoresis,mentally alert,weak,dizzy,tachy,normotensive,normal core temp: remove from heat,replace water/salt,IV,NS,massage cramp,apply moist towel
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| Heat Syncope | show 🗑
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| show | hot ambient temp-profuse sweating 1-2l/hr, inadequeate perfusion-osmosis occurs fluid shifts from vessels
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| S/S:Tx | show 🗑
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| Heat Stroke | show 🗑
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| show | high sustained ambient temp/humidity,affects young,old,without ac.med problems-DMI,CAD,alcoholism,schitzo
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| Exertional heat stroke | show 🗑
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| show | lower temp to 102*F,remove from enviroment, rapid cooling, avoid overcooling,2 large bore iv's,monitor,AVOID vasopressorsand anticholinergics
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| Outcomes frrom heat stroke | show 🗑
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| Dehydration in Heat disorders | show 🗑
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| show | when drinking water > loss of water, water intake >1 liter per hour.Sodium levels drop leading to N/V,HA,AMS,polyuria,diluted urine.TX:encourage eating foods high in sodium
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| show | resetting of hypothalamic thermostat,pathogens enter,neutrophils and monocytes arrive,WBC's release PYROGENS=resent of thermosts.TX:if temp is >105*F,ams or seizure-tylenol 650mg,ibuprophen 600-800 mg
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| Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | when core tempis <95*F,caused by < heat production,>heat loss,excessive cold stress
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| show | .
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| show | alcohol,antidepressants(vistaril),antipyretics(ASA,phenothiazines(thorazine),sedatives,antiseizure meds,
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| Mild hypothermia | show 🗑
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| Moderate hypothermia | show 🗑
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| show | glucose/glycogen depletion or insulin not available for transfer
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| show | <86*F,Shivering stops,BMR <50%,ascess pulse n resp for 30sec
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| Mild/Mod Tx | show 🗑
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| Afterdrop phenomenon | show 🗑
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| Severe w/pulse | show 🗑
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| Severe w/no pulse | show 🗑
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| Frost Nip | show 🗑
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| Frostbite | show 🗑
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| show | some loss of sensation-S/S:cold,numb,skin red, white or gray.extreme pain w/rewarming-post warming:edema in 3 hrs, blisters 3-24 hrs,skin blackens
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| Deep frostbite | show 🗑
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| TX | show 🗑
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| show | emersion foot,exposure to cold/wet-H2o temp >32*F,tissue sloughing or gangrene-TX-warm, dry,elevate feet
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| show | asphyxiation resulting from submersion in liquid, death within 24 hrs post sub
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| Dry drowing | show 🗑
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| Fresh water | show 🗑
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| show | draws fluids from bloodstrea,.pulmonary edema occurs
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| show | trigeminal nerve (V) takes message to brainstem=breathing inhibited,brady,decreased metabolic rate,vasoconstriction
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| Factors affecting outcome | show 🗑
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| Drowing TX | show 🗑
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| show | due to water in lungs-lungs leak fluid into alveoli,fluid loaded with chemicals causing inflammation of tissue-can cause:pulm parenchymal injury,destruction of surfactant,pneumothorax
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| show | reach,throw and tow,row,go
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| show | 2 atmosphere (14lbs)per square inch
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| show | POPS-pulmonary overpressurization syndrome:volume of gas inversly proportional to its pressure-cause of barotrauma
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| Daltons law | show 🗑
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| show | Decompression illness:
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| Descent problems (squeeze) | show 🗑
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| S/S | show 🗑
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| Nitrogen Narcosis (bottom injury) | show 🗑
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| Ascent injuries (boyles law) | show 🗑
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| show | *Systemic arterial gas embolism (AGE)-enters circulatory system from damaged lungs,*pneumomediastinum:release of air thu visceral pleura into mediastinum,*pneumopericardium,pneumothorax,pneumoperitoneum
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| POPS S/S | show 🗑
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| Decompression Illness(sickness) (henrys law) AKA the bends | show 🗑
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| show | ischemia,infarct due to hypoperfusion,tissue displacement,vertigo,platelet aggregation,intravascular coagulation due to air emboli,edema,electrolyte imbalance, lopid emboli are released
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| show | SOB,itch/rash,crepitus,fatigue,vertigo, paresthesias,paralysis,seizures,unconsiousness: develop within 24hrs-ABC's,supine position,dexamethasone,heparin,valium
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| Recompression (hyperbaric O2 chamber) | show 🗑
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| show | alveolar membranes rupture caused by rapid ascent or holding breath during ascent=hemorrhage,cap/alv inflammation,pneumo,sub Q emphysema-onset 2-10min after ascent
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| S/S-TX | show 🗑
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| show | result of POPS-air released thru visceral pleura to mediastinum-S/S=substernal CP,abn heart sounds,narrow PP,change in voice,
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| High altitude Ilness (daltons law) | show 🗑
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| show | gradual ascent,days to weeks.within 2 hrs RBC prod increased,>aldosterone and ADH=retained fluid
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| show | 1.limit exertion.2.sleeping.3.high carb diet-Meds-Acetazolamide (Diamox)-diuretic, forces bicarb out.Nifedipine (procardia,adalat) blood vessel dilation, helps prevent pulm HTN and edema
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| (AMS)Acute Mountain Sickness | show 🗑
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| S/S-TX | show 🗑
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| show | result of increased pulmonary pressure and HTN.arterioles become permeable-kids and men more suseptible
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| S/S-TX | show 🗑
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| show | cause unknown,starts with HAPE or acut mont sickness. Increased ICP develops due to edema
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| S/S-TX | show 🗑
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| Radionuclide/radioisotope | show 🗑
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| show | + charged particles,located in nucleus
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| Neutrons | show 🗑
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| Electrons | show 🗑
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| show | slow moving, large,travel only few mm, stopped by paper, clothes and skin-least dangerous unless internally exposed, most dangerous form of exposure
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| show | penetrate subcuatneous tissue, enter thru damaged skin,ingestion and inhalation-causes less local damage than alpha, stopped by aluminim
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| Gamma | show 🗑
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