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AP Human Geography Ch.9 Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
Development   Processes improving material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology  
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More developed country   Country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development  
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Less developed country   Country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development  
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Human Development Index (HDI)   Indicator of level of development for each country constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. (Economic, Social, Demographic)  
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Gross Domestic Product   The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year)  
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Primary, Secondary, Tertiary sectors   Primary- direction extraction of earth's materials for an economic gain Secondary- Manufacturing useful products from raw materials from primary sectors Tertiary- Transportation, communication, and utility portion of economy for exchanged payment  
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Quaternary sector   Knowledge-based economic section which shares ideas/information  
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Productivity   Value of product compared to labor necessary to make it  
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Value added   The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.  
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Literacy rate   The percentage of a country's people who can read and write.  
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Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)   Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes.(Same factors of HDI)  
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Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)   Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.  
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World Trade Organization   international trade promoter which attempts to reduce barriers to international trade in two ways; enforcing agreements and reducing/eliminating trade tariffs  
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Foreign direct investment   Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country  
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transnational corporation   investment and operation in other countries other than where the headquarters of a company is located itself.  
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The World Bank   Major lender to LDCs to alleviate public administration problems, legal institution development, and strengthened transportation and financial institutions.  
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The IMF   Major lender to LDCs which alleviates balance-of-payment problems that potentially threaten the expansion of international trade.  
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Fair trade   Production/trade meeting standards that protect workers and small businesses and LDCs  
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Structural adjustment programs   economic goals, strategies for objectives, and external financing requirements. (i.e. spend only what can be afforded, direct payment to local, poorer, not richer, national)  
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Rostow's Development Model   FIve stage model of development that compares to an aircraft at an airport. 1= basics, little or no productivity -> 5=striving, prosperous economy shifting from heavy industry to consumer goods production  
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Purchasing Power Parity   An economic theory that estimates the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to each currency's purchasing power.  
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Nongovernmental Organizations   voluntary group of individuals or organizations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy  
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Sustainable development   Meeting the current needs and ensuring opportunities for future generations to meet their needs as well. (i.e. using a resource, and saving or even improving it for the next generation)  
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The four asian dragons   Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore creating a successful international trade alternative through concentration of manufactured goods due to lack of natural resources  
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Created by: davidcourteau
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