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Ch.9 Ded Words
AP Human Geography Ch.9 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Development | Processes improving material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology |
More developed country | Country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development |
Less developed country | Country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development |
Human Development Index (HDI) | Indicator of level of development for each country constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. (Economic, Social, Demographic) |
Gross Domestic Product | The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year) |
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary sectors | Primary- direction extraction of earth's materials for an economic gain Secondary- Manufacturing useful products from raw materials from primary sectors Tertiary- Transportation, communication, and utility portion of economy for exchanged payment |
Quaternary sector | Knowledge-based economic section which shares ideas/information |
Productivity | Value of product compared to labor necessary to make it |
Value added | The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. |
Literacy rate | The percentage of a country's people who can read and write. |
Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) | Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes.(Same factors of HDI) |
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) | Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making. |
World Trade Organization | international trade promoter which attempts to reduce barriers to international trade in two ways; enforcing agreements and reducing/eliminating trade tariffs |
Foreign direct investment | Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country |
transnational corporation | investment and operation in other countries other than where the headquarters of a company is located itself. |
The World Bank | Major lender to LDCs to alleviate public administration problems, legal institution development, and strengthened transportation and financial institutions. |
The IMF | Major lender to LDCs which alleviates balance-of-payment problems that potentially threaten the expansion of international trade. |
Fair trade | Production/trade meeting standards that protect workers and small businesses and LDCs |
Structural adjustment programs | economic goals, strategies for objectives, and external financing requirements. (i.e. spend only what can be afforded, direct payment to local, poorer, not richer, national) |
Rostow's Development Model | FIve stage model of development that compares to an aircraft at an airport. 1= basics, little or no productivity -> 5=striving, prosperous economy shifting from heavy industry to consumer goods production |
Purchasing Power Parity | An economic theory that estimates the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to each currency's purchasing power. |
Nongovernmental Organizations | voluntary group of individuals or organizations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy |
Sustainable development | Meeting the current needs and ensuring opportunities for future generations to meet their needs as well. (i.e. using a resource, and saving or even improving it for the next generation) |
The four asian dragons | Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore creating a successful international trade alternative through concentration of manufactured goods due to lack of natural resources |