Fluid and Electrolytes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| normal sodium | show 🗑
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| normal potassium | show 🗑
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| show | 7-20 mg/dl
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| normal hematocrit | show 🗑
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| show | 1.002-1.030
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| normal glucose | show 🗑
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| normal osmolality | show 🗑
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| FVD classic sign | show 🗑
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| show | hypotension
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| show | decreased temp, blood shunted to central area
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| show | increased respiratory rate bc acidotic, blowing of CO2; thick and sticky secretions
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| anasarca | show 🗑
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| most common site, 3rd spacing | show 🗑
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| primary mediator of fluids | show 🗑
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| show | stage where fluid moves from one space to another
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| show | fluid in interstitial compartments
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| show | normal to high (hemoconcentration)
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| FVD potassium | show 🗑
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| FVD BUN | show 🗑
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| FVD glucose | show 🗑
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| show | high >1.030
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| FVD osmolality (serum) | show 🗑
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| FVE hemodynamic signs | show 🗑
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| cerebral edema | show 🗑
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| show | seen with FVE, Dyspnea, tachypnea, hacking cough, crackles, o2 sat down
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| show | weight gain, nonpitting interstitial edema, hepatomegaly/splenomegaly
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| show | pulmonary edema
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| neck vein distension | show 🗑
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| show | prevent cerebral edema
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| >>> causes of FVE (10) | show 🗑
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| show | excessive hypertonic fluids, binge drinking contest, psych disorders, drowning in fresh water, inappropriate dialysis
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| FVE, potassium | show 🗑
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| FVE, sodium | show 🗑
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| FVE, BUN | show 🗑
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| show | low, <1.005
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| show | normal to high (stress response, >120)
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| show | lethargy, weakness
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| show | increased excitability
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| show | releases H+ ions in water
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| show | binds to H+ ions in water
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| show | prevent major acid-base changes; carbonic acid-bicarbonate, protien, and phosphate buffer system
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| carbonic acid | show 🗑
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| show | bicarb: carbonic acid = 20:1
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| show | primary system, 50% of activity, to maintain balance l/t have to also use protein and phosphate buffer systems, 1-2 hours to kick in, bicarb is the major ECF buffer
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| show | hard for cells to grow
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| show | carbonic acid compensates and dissociates into CO2 and H20, CO2 exhaled by lungs, system activates rapidly but exhausted quickly
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| respiratory buffer system, breathing changes | show 🗑
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| renal buffer system: time and effectiveness | show 🗑
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| renal buffering system, bicarbonate | show 🗑
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| show | regulatory mechanism to return pH to normal level by transforming acids and bases within the body
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| primary metabolic disturbance | show 🗑
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| acute primary respiratory disturbance | show 🗑
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| show | pH is fully corrected (normal)
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| show | buffers are in the process of working; pH is low but the bicarb is elevating to compensate (or pH is high but CO2 is elevating to compensate)
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| show | *negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration in mEq/L (as H+ ion concentration increases, pH decreases)
*normal values 7.35 -7.45 (less is acidotic, more is alkalotic)
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| show | *normal 22-26 mEq/L (decreased in acidosis, increased in alkalosis)
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| show | indicates the amount of bicarb available in the ECF
normal value: +/- 2 mEq/L
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| show | *Concentration of anions (HCO3- , Cl-, protein, phosphate, & sulfates) and cations (Na+, K+, MG++, & Ca++)
*10-12 mEq/L normal
*increased in metabolic acidosis (but can be normal)
*calculated by Na - Cl + bicarb
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| SaO2 | show 🗑
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| PaO2 | show 🗑
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| the lower teh PaO2 pressure, the .... | show 🗑
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| show | correlate with dramatic drops in oxygen saturation
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| show | 75-100 mmHg (for every year above 60 drop 1mmHg)
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| show | *partial pressure of CO2
*reflects adequacy of alveolar ventilation, regulated by lungs, alterations indicate resp disturbance
*normal values 35-45 mmHg (less is alkalotic, more is acidotic)
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| respiratory alkalosis managment (4) | show 🗑
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| respiratory alkalosis assessment (7) | show 🗑
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| show | tachycardia, palpitations, increased myocardial irritability
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| show | rapid shallow breathing (trying to retain CO2, oxygenate), chest tightness
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| respiratory alkalosos CNS signs (10) | show 🗑
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| show | hyperventilation, sepsis/infection, over ventilation, hepatic cirrhosis
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| respiratory alkalosis: labs | show 🗑
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| show | correct cause, CPT, TCDB if able, suction as needed, semi-Fowlers, fluids to thin secretions, low-flow O2 as needed
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| respiratory acidosis assessment (8) | show 🗑
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| respiratory acidosis cardiac signs | show 🗑
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| respiratory acidosis respiratory signs | show 🗑
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| respiratory acidosis CNS signs (6) | show 🗑
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| show | respiratory depression/arrest, inadequate chest expansion, airway obstruction, interference with alveolar capillary exchange
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| show | pH low <7.35, PaCO2 high >42, HCO3- normal (or elevated with compensation), hyperkalemia
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| metabolic alkalosis mgmnt (3) | show 🗑
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| show | VS, ABGs, RR/depth, LOC, I&O, ECG
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| show | n/v, anorexia, paralitic ileus (hypokalemia)
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| metabolic alkalosis CNS signs (10) | show 🗑
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| met alkalosis respiratory signs (2) | show 🗑
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| met alkalosis CV signs (5) | show 🗑
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| show | vomiting, NG suctioning, eating bicarb-based antacids, diuretics
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| show | increased pH, increased BE, increased bicarb, decreased anion gap (low K and Na)
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| show | correct cause, treat ketoacidosis (fluids, insulin), give alkaline fluids, hydrate, mechanical ventilation if needed, possible dialysis
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| show | used to treat metabolic acidosis (ketoacidosis), forces potassium back into cells
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| alkaline fluids for met acidosis | show 🗑
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| show | VS, ABGs, RR/depth, apical and peripheral pulses, ECG (bc of dramatic K changes), LOC, I&O
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| show | dramatic affects: hypotension, dysrhythmias, peripheral vasodilation, warm flushed skin (from dilation, leaking of capillaries)
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| show | Kussmaul/deep/rapid respirations, trying to blow off CO2
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| show | think of septic patient: drowsy, HA (from cerebral edema), lethargy, coma, confusion/restless, weakness
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| metabolic acidosis GI signs (3) | show 🗑
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| causes of metabolic acidosis | show 🗑
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| metabolic acidosis: labs | show 🗑
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Created by:
hanalin2
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