Section 3 - notes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Rome's armies were victorious wherever they went, but problems were building at ------
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| farmers | show 🗑
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| debt | show 🗑
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| show | many farmers were unable to farm because they were fighting in Rome's ------
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| show | Others had suffered damage to their farms during Hannibal's ----- of Itlay
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| show | small farmers could not compete with wealthy Romans who were buying up land to create ---- or large farming estates
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| show | the Romans who were rich landowners used a new source of ---- the thousands of prisoners brought to Italy during the wars
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| show | by using these enslaved people to tend their crops, wealthy Romans could force ---- farmers out of business
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| cities | show 🗑
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| show | ---- were hard to find for the farmers because enslaved people did most of the work
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| show | if --- men were lucky enough to find work, they earned low wages
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| show | these hard working conditions created widespread ----
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| riots | show 🗑
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| entertainment | show 🗑
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| show | the roman's policy of ---- and ----- helped many dishonest rulers come to power
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| show | Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were tow wealthy ----- who tried to ---- Rome's government
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| show | Rome's government believed that many of Rome's problems were caused by the loss of small -----
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| show | Rome's government asked the Senate to take back public land from the ---- and divide it among landless Romans
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| show | Many senators, however, were among those who had ---- some of these public lands
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| fought | show 🗑
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| show | both Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were ---- by senators who opposed their attempts to reform the Roman government
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| show | reform in Rome only worsened as the Roman --- took on a new role
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| out | show 🗑
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| Marius | show 🗑
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| show | before the reform, most of the soldiers were --- of small farms
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| show | now because this type of farmer was disappearing, Marius began to recruit ---- from the poor
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| show | in return for the soldiers service, he paid them wages and promised them ----
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| paid | show 🗑
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| duty | show 🗑
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| Republic | show 🗑
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| power | show 🗑
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| show | Marius faced a challenge from a rival general with his own army, a man named ----
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| show | in 82B.C. sulla drove Marius out of rome and declared himself -----
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| show | Sulla spent --- years reforming the Roman government before resigning from office
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| what happened after Sulla stepped down from office? | show 🗑
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| show | after Sulla left office, different roman leaders battled for power, supported by their loyal ---
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| show | in 60 B.C. three men were on top: Crassus, -----, and Julius Casear
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| richest | show 🗑
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| military | show 🗑
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| show | drawing on their wealth and power, Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus, formed the ---- Triumvirate to rule Rome
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| show | a ---- is a political alliance of three people
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| military | show 🗑
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| Spain | show 🗑
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| Syria | show 🗑
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| Gaul | show 🗑
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| battled | show 🗑
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| hero | show 🗑
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| show | senators and others back home in Rome feared that Caesar was becoming too popular and might seize power like ----
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| show | after Crassus was killed in the battle in 53B.C., the Senate decided that --- pompey should return to Itlay and rule alone
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| Senate | show 🗑
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| Rubicon | show 🗑
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| show | by Caesar giving up his army, he knew that he was starting a ---- war that there was no turning back
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| show | because Caesar was a better ----- he drove Pompey out of Italy and then destroyed his army in Greece
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| dictator; life | show 🗑
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| show | Caesar granted ----- to people living in Rome's territories outside the Italian peninsula
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| colonies | show 🗑
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| free | show 🗑
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| calendar | show 🗑
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| Julian | show 🗑
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| show | in 1582 A.D. the calendar was modified slightly and became known as the ----- calendar
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| Christ | show 🗑
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| enemies | show 🗑
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| show | Caesar's enemies feared that Caesar wanted to be -----
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| show | Caesar ----- a famous warning to "beware the Ides of March" (March 15)
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| 44 | show 🗑
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| show | The phrase refers to Caesar's return to Italy. by crossing the Rubicon, Caesar knew he would begin a civil war and that he would either be victorious or be destroyed. today it means passing a point of no return or making a decision you cannot take back.
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| show | Caesar's death plunged a civil war
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| show | During the civil war, on one side were ---- led by men who had killed Caesar
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| generals | show 🗑
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| Second | show 🗑
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| argue | show 🗑
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| retire | show 🗑
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| show | Octavian took the ----
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| show | took the ----
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| alliance | show 🗑
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| show | Octavian declared ---- on Antony to keep him from taking over the republic
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| show | Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra's forces at the Battle of ----
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| Roman Empire | show 🗑
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| show | Cicero was a ----- leader, writer, and public speaker who was ---- dictators
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| representative | show 🗑
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| reforms | show 🗑
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| show | Octavian knew that most people favored a republican form of government but he also knew that the republic had been too ---- to solve Rome's problems
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| show | he gave some power to the ---- but really put himself in charge
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| show | Octavian took the title ---- meaning "revered one" which began the Roman empire
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