N130 Diabetes Exam 1 OLOL
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| show | A group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
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| show | Ingested food in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, formation of glucose by the liver from food substances
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| show | 70-100 mg/dl
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| Hyperglycemia may result in | show 🗑
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| What are some long term effects of Hyperglycemia? | show 🗑
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| How many people have diabetes in the US? | show 🗑
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| How many new cases of diabetes are diagnosed each year in the US? | show 🗑
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| 50% of people over the age of ___ suffer some degree of glucose intolerance. | show 🗑
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| A hormone produced by the pancreas | show 🗑
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| What is secreted by the beta cells in the islets of langerhans? | show 🗑
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| Insulin controls the level of glucose in the blood by | show 🗑
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| What are the two things that happen in a diabetic state? | show 🗑
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| show | muscle, liver, and fat cells.
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| In muscle, liver, and fat cells insulin does these things | show 🗑
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| What inhibits the breakdown of stored glucose, protein, and fat? | show 🗑
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| show | a small amount of insulin( basal insulin) and glucagon
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| show | a small amount of insulin
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| show | the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
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| Insulin and glucagon together maintain a constant level of glucose in the blood by | show 🗑
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| show | glycogenolysis
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| show | gluconeogenesis
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| What are risk factors for diabetes? | show 🗑
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| which races/ethnicities have a great risk of having diabetes? | show 🗑
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| What are two goals when treating diabetes? | show 🗑
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| Previously refered to as insulin-dependant diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) | show 🗑
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| previously refered to as non insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) | show 🗑
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| show | About 5%to 10%
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| What happens in type 1 diabetes? | show 🗑
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| What happens when beta cells are destroyed by an autoimmune process? | show 🗑
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| What are three ways a person can get type 1 diabetes? | show 🗑
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| show | acute
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| Type 1 diabetes usually is dx'ed before age ___. | show 🗑
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| show | decreased insulin production, unchecked glucose production by the liver, and fasting hyperglycemia.
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| What contributes to postprandial (after meals) hyperglycemia? | show 🗑
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| postprandial | show 🗑
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| show | usually 180 to 200 mg/dl.
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| If concentration of glucose in the blood exceeds renal threshold ( usually 180-200 mg/dl) what happens? | show 🗑
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| show | Glucosuria
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| Insulin normally inhibits _________and ________. | show 🗑
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| When fat breakdown occurs in type 1 diabetics it results in increased production of | show 🗑
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| show | acid
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| show | Type 1 diabetes
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| show | glucose
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| In type 1 diabetes the liver does not know to stop releaseing __________. | show 🗑
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| In type 1 diabetes glycogenolysis is ___ _______. | show 🗑
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| In type 1 diabetes, gluconeogenesis is _______ _________. | show 🗑
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| In type 1 diabetes, fat breakdown occurs and results in ________ __________. | show 🗑
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| show | abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, hyperventilation, a fruity breath odor, and if left untreated, altered LOC, coma and death
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| What is DKA? | show 🗑
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| show | insulin, fluid & electrolytes as needed.
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| 90 to 95% of people have this type of diabetes | show 🗑
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| Type 2 diabetes results from | show 🗑
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| Type 2 diabetes occurs among people who are greater than | show 🗑
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| show | slower ( it happens over years)
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| What does typically not occur in type 2 diabetes? | show 🗑
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| show | hyperglycemic hyperosmlar nonketonic syndrome (HHNS) sometimes seen as HHNK
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| show | Type 2
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| What are s & s of type 2 diabetes? | show 🗑
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| What is the primary treatment for type 2 diabetes? | show 🗑
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| What enhances the effectiveness of insulin? | show 🗑
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| What may be added for a type 2 diabetic if exercise and diet are not successful? | show 🗑
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| show | stress (illness and surgery)
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| Any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy is | show 🗑
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| What do secretions of placental hormones that cause insulin resistance in gestational diabetes result in? | show 🗑
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| When is screening for diabetes in preg. women done? | show 🗑
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| show | women age greater than 25, younger if obese, family hx of diabetes, member of an ethnic/ racial group with high prevalence of diabetes
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| Gestational diabetes occurs in ____ % of preg. women | show 🗑
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| If a preg woman has gestational diabetes it increase the risk for | show 🗑
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| To treat gestastional diabetes a woman | show 🗑
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| What should not be used during pregnacy by the woman with gestational diabetes? | show 🗑
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| show | 105mg/dl or less
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| What is a goal of the preg. womans blood sugar level two hours after a meal? | show 🗑
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| show | blood glucose levels should return to normal and the woman has an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
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| show | Fatigue, weakness , sudden vision change tingling or numbness in hand or feet, dry skin, lesions or wounds that are slow to heal.
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| show | Polyuria
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| show | Polydypsia
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| Extreme hunger | show 🗑
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